Integrating constraints on biosphere-atmosphere exchange: from ecosystem scales to the global atmosphere

整合生物圈-大气交换的约束：从生态系统规模到全球大气

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04167
• 负责人: Jones, Dylan
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633893
• 关键词: Integrating; constraints; biosphere; atmosphere; exchange

Reliable projections of the impact of pollution on the climate system require an improved understanding of the coupling between the biosphere and the atmosphere. The proposed research program is focused on integrating the growing suite of space-based and ground-based observations of atmospheric composition to obtain a better understanding of the processes controlling the atmospheric abundances of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone, two important greenhouse gases. A major challenge facing the community is how to exploit the measurements of atmospheric CO2 to quantify CO2 sources and sinks on regional, policy-relevant scales. Ozone in the upper troposphere acts as a strong greenhouse gas, whereas near the surface it is a harmful pollutant that adversely impacts plants and animals. Indeed, accurate projections of atmospheric CO2 levels will require correctly accounting for the adverse impacts of increased ozone abundances on vegetation, and consequently the uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the biosphere. Reproducing the distribution of ozone is challenging, however, because it is highly variable, reflecting a balance between photochemical sources and sinks, which are spatially heterogeneous, and atmospheric transport. The specific objectives of the proposed work are to: 1) determine the conditions under which space-based CO2 observations from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) can provide constraints on CO2 fluxes on regional scales, and to determine how to link the information from the satellite measurements down to ecosystem scales; 2) integrate satellite observations of ozone and NOx, HCHO, and CO, which are important ozone precursors, to better quantify surface ozone abundances, with a specific focus on better quantifying the sink of ozone associated with dry deposition, which primarily reflects the uptake of ozone by vegetation; 3) determine how climate-induced changes in the large-scale circulation of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere will impact the distribution of upper tropospheric ozone.The program will use advanced data assimilation techniques to link the information provided by ground-based and space-based observations across a range of scales, from ecosystem scales to the global atmosphere. To bridge these scales, the work will employ the WRF regional model, the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model, and the CESM chemistry-climate model. The proposed research program will be interdisciplinary and will provide students a unique training experience. There is increasing recognition that a more integrated and interdisciplinary approach is needed to address many of the environmental challenges that we face as a society. The research program will help ensure that the next generation of climate scientists in Canada possesses the diversity of knowledge required to address these challenges.

污染对气候系统影响的可靠投影需要对生物圈和大气之间的耦合有了改进的了解。拟议的研究计划的重点是整合大气组成的空间基和地面观测的日益增长的套件，以更好地了解控制二氧化碳（CO2）和臭氧的过程，这是两种重要的温室气体。社区面临的一个主要挑战是如何利用大气二氧化碳的测量值，以量化与区域相关的，与政策相关的量表上的二氧化碳来源和沉没。对流层上部的臭氧充当强烈的温室气体，而在表面附近，这是一种有害污染物，会对植物和动物产生不利影响。确实，大气中二氧化碳水平的准确投影将需要正确考虑臭氧丰度增加对植被的不利影响，因此，生物圈对大气二氧化碳的吸收。但是，重现臭氧的分布是具有挑战性的，因为它是高度可变的，反映了光化学源和水槽之间的平衡，这些光化学源和水槽在空间上是异质性和大气传输的平衡。 The specific objectives of the proposed work are to: 1) determine the conditions under which space-based CO2 observations from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) can provide constraints on CO2 fluxes on regional scales, and to determine how to link the information from the satellite measurements down to ecosystem scales; 2）整合了重要的臭氧前体的臭氧和NOX，HCHO和CO的卫星观测，以更好地量化表面臭氧丰度，具体的重点是更好地量化与干燥沉积相关的臭氧水槽，这主要反映了植被吸收臭氧的臭氧； 3）确定气候引起的对流层上层和下层平流层的大规模循环的变化将影响对流层臭氧上部的分布。该计划将使用先进的数据同化技术来链接从生态系统量表到全球大气层的一系列尺度的基于地面和空间观测的信息。为了弥合这些量表，该工作将采用WRF区域模型，GEOS-CHEM全球化学转运模型和CESM化学气候模型。拟议的研究计划将是跨学科的，并将为学生提供独特的培训经验。人们越来越认识到，需要采取更融合和跨学科的方法来应对我们作为一个社会所面临的许多环境挑战。该研究计划将有助于确保加拿大的下一代气候科学家拥有应对这些挑战所需的知识多样性。