Thermal anisotropy of urban areas

城市地区的热各向异性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05586
• 负责人: Voogt, James
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615788
• 关键词: Thermal; anisotropy; urban; areas

Cities, now home to over half the world’s population, create important modifications to the surface and atmosphere. These changes result in distinct urban climates that affect local weather, the demand for energy, the livability of cities and the export of pollutants and greenhouse gases to larger scale climates. The temperatures of urban surfaces are a key component of urban climate because they represent a solution to the surface energy budget - the inputs and outputs of heat at the surface. Thus, accurate measurement and modeling of urban surface temperatures is critical for understanding the processes that create urban climates. Urban surfaces are also targets for the intentional modification of urban climates. For example, white or green roofs are types of ‘cool’ surfaces that attempt to modify local climates through manipulation of their surface temperature. Such measures are becoming more important as cities seek to adapt to large scale climate change and provide means to mitigate local heat and use of energy that drives greenhouse gas emissions. Thermal remote sensing provides an attractive means of observing surface temperatures over the complex urban surface where access can be difficult and spatial variability is large. However, these sensors view only a portion of the entire three-dimensional urban surface. When the spatial resolution of the sensor is larger than the surface structure, the microscale temperature variations that arise due to surface structure and variability of surface properties are manifest as a directionally varying radiometric temperature at the remote sensor. As a result, urban areas are characterized by strong directional variability (anisotropy) of the measured surface temperature. This poses a significant challenge because it means that such measurements are biased and therefore limits the applicability of such data to the study of urban climates. The overall objective of this proposal is to better understand urban thermal anisotropy and develop models that will allow correction for thermal anisotropy at a range of scales for urban areas. The outcomes of this work are important to our ability to provide representative urban surface temperatures. These temperatures are a key variable to the air temperature of cities, heat loading on urban residents, energy use by buildings, providing input to weather forecast and pollutant dispersion models and for assessing urban heat mitigation strategies such as cool surfaces.

现在，世界一半的人口，为地表和ATMOSPIRE创造了重要的环境。 - 在表面上的输入和输出。对其表面温度的操纵。 热遥感可在复杂的城市表面上观察表面温度很难，并且这些传感器的变化很大。在遥控器中的变化（各向异性）。 整体的目标是在城市地区的一系列尺度上发展的城市热各向异性。对城市居民的热量加载，建筑物的能源使用，Orecast和污染物的灭绝模型以及评估凉爽降温策略，例如凉爽的表面。