Towards Realistic Surgical Simulation and Training Systems

迈向现实的手术模拟和培训系统

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04629
• 负责人: Liu, Peter
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=613075
• 关键词: Towards; Realistic; Surgical; Simulation; Training

At present, surgical residents acquire and develop hands-on skills mainly through trials on animals, cadavers and patients. There are, however, obvious disadvantages to these conventional training approaches: animals have different anatomies from humans; cadavers are unable to provide appropriate physiological responses; it is risky when students practice on patients.     With recent advances in haptics and computer graphics, visual reality based surgical simulation is rapidly emerging and increasingly perceived as a valuable addition to, or replacement of, traditional training methods. Simulators can generate virtual patients with realistic human anatomy and physiological responses, potentially providing a risk-free training environment with the possibility of unlimited training over a wide range of pathologies. In addition to these benefits, new and complex surgical procedures can be practiced safely on a simulator before proceeding to patients; students can practice on their own schedules; training sessions can be stored and later reviewed by physicians.     While a small number of companies are starting to offer surgical simulation training systems of varying quality, no simulators are able to provide a sufficiently high degree of resemblance to real-life surgery. There still exist numerous fundamental challenges and technical difficulties, such as the dexterity of haptic interfaces, accuracy of virtual patient models, collision modelling, real-time and immersive visualization of the operating scene, etc.     In this research, we propose to develop principles, algorithms and tools that are essential to realize highly realistic surgical simulation, enabling medical institutions to train surgeons using simulators. Due to the broad scope of potential research topics, we limit our efforts to a subset of problems including: 1. haptic feedback, 2. tissue modelling, and 3.validation criteria. At the end, the anticipated results will be integrated and validated by the development of a cricothyroidotomy simulator.

目前，手术居民主要通过对动物，尸体和患者的试验获得和发展动手技能。但是，这些常规训练方法有明显的灾难：动物与人类不同。尸体无法提供适当的身体反应；当学生对患者练习时，这是有风险的。 随着触觉和计算机图形的最新进展，基于视觉现实的手术模拟正在迅速出现，并越来越被视为传统训练方法的宝贵补充。模拟器可以产生具有逼真的人体解剖结构和身体反应的虚拟患者，并可能提供无风险的训练环境，并有可能在广泛的病理中进行无限培训。除了这些好处外，在向患者进行模拟器之前，还可以在模拟器上安全实施新的和复杂的手术程序。学生可以按照自己的时间表进行练习；培训课程可以存储并随后由医生审查。 虽然少数公司开始提供不同质量的外科模拟培训系统，但没有模拟器能够提供与现实生活手术相似的高度相似之处。仍然存在许多基本挑战和技术困难，例如触觉接口的敏捷性，虚拟患者模型的准确性，碰撞建模，操作场景的实时和沉浸式可视化，等等。 在这项研究中，我们建议开发用于实现高度现实的手术模拟必不可少的原理，算法和工具，从而使医疗机构能够使用模拟器培训外科医生。由于潜在的研究主题的广泛范围，我们将努力限制为一部分问题，包括：1。触觉反馈，2。组织建模和3。验证标准。最后，预期的结果将通过开发环甲状腺切开术模拟器的开发来整合和验证。