Integrating top-down signals in face and object processing

将自上而下的信号集成到面部和物体处理中

• 批准号: 356071-2013
• 负责人: Hoffman, Kari
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=572735
• 关键词: Integrating; top; down; signals; face

When we talk about "seeing the world", we implicitly refer to the people and things associated with the places where we expect to find them. We may take these abilities for granted, but engineers have yet to build a synthetic visual system that performs as accurately, with the level of speed and efficiency as our visual system. My research is devoted to understanding how the brain codes faces and objects. One unresolved question is how the activity of brain cells and their interactions lead to our visual aptitudes. One secret to our visual system's success may be our use of two self-generated signals to enhance face and object processing: (i) our eye movements that actively scan the environment, and (ii) memory from previous experiences. We will record the activity of groups of brain cells as faces and objects are detected or discriminated. We will measure the changes in the rate of action potentials and how the changes are distributed across cells, as well as whether action potentials 'march to the beat' of local neural rhythms, or act independently of them. Furthermore, (i) we will determine how this code is influenced by the dynamics of active search, which places new visual information on the retina ~3-5 times per second. "On your mark, get set"...reacting to "Go!" is much faster when you're the one calling the shot. Similarly, could the brain use the eye movement it generated to help prepare the visual system for incoming signals from the retina? (ii) Another way to prepare or shape brain activity is through memory. We find objects in clutter better when it's our familiar clutter than when we stumble upon someone else's, and we have an easier time recognizing a familiar friend than a new acquaintance. Experience can have a dramatic impact on our perceptual abilities. We will study the influence of eye movements and of past experience on neural activity in cells that respond to faces or objects. Understanding how faces and objects are coded in the brain, and if it may be shaped for better performance, is a fundamental question that could change our views of brain processing in general, and inform artificial systems that seek to emulate our remarkable ability to "see the world".

当我们谈论“看到世界”时，我们隐含地指的是与我们期望找到的地方相关的人和事物。我们可能会认为这些能力是理所当然的，但是工程师尚未建立一个合成的视觉系统，该系统的性能准确，速度和效率水平与我们的视觉系统一样。我的研究致力于了解大脑代码如何面对和物体。一个未解决的问题是脑细胞及其相互作用的活性如何导致我们的视觉才能。视觉系统成功的一个秘密可能是我们使用两个自我生成的信号来增强面部和对象处理：（i）积极扫描环境的眼睛运动，以及（ii）以前的经验中的记忆。 我们将记录脑细胞组的活性，因为面部和物体被检测到或歧视。我们将衡量动作电位速率的变化以及如何在细胞之间分布的变化，以及动作电位是“向局部神经节奏的节奏”还是独立于它们的作用。此外，（i）我们将确定该代码如何受主动搜索动力学的影响，该动态将新的视觉信息置于每秒3-5次的视网膜上。 “在您的标记上，请设置” ...对“ Go！”做出反应。当您打电话给镜头时，要快得多。同样，大脑是否可以使用它产生的眼睛运动来帮助准备视觉系统以从视网膜发出的信号？ （ii）准备或塑造大脑活动的另一种方法是通过记忆。当我们熟悉的杂物比偶然发现别人的杂物时，我们在混乱中发现的对象更好，而且我们比新朋友更容易认识到一个熟悉的朋友。经验会对我们的感知能力产生巨大影响。我们将研究眼球运动和过去经验对响应面部或物体反应的细胞神经活动的影响。了解面部和物体如何在大脑中编码，以及是否可以为更好的性能而塑造面部和物体，这是一个基本问题，可以改变我们对大脑处理的看法，并为寻求模仿我们出色能力的人工系统提供信息。世界”。