Novel energy efficient, amine-based catalyst-aided method for capture of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel-based industrial exhaust gas streams

用于从基于化石燃料的工业废气流中捕获二氧化碳的新型节能胺基催化剂辅助方法

• 批准号: 430366-2012
• 负责人: Idem, Raphael
• 金额: $ 10.16万
• 依托单位: University of Regina
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=552552
• 关键词: Novel; energy; efficient; amine; based

Canada benefits tremendously from revenues derived from coal, crude oil royalties, taxes, and sales of petroleum leases as well as the associated employment and economic activity derived from the fossil fuel industry. On the other hand, Canada's energy utilization rate per capita is one of the highest in the world because Canada is a large northern country with a dispersed population base. Also, the majority of current and increasing energy needs is essentially supplied by combustion of fossil fuels. These fossil fuels have high carbon intensities, and their extraction and processing are not only very energy intensive, but also have a major impact on the environment. In particular, energy production from fossil fuels has recently been shown to be the key contributor of carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas(GHG), which has a direct influence on climate change and global warming. For example, oil sands production, crude oil refining, electric power generation from fossil fuels, natural gas processing, and so on contribute to an increase in emissions of GHGs, especially CO2 and other pollutants such as oxides of sulphur (SOx), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). In Canada, CO2 constitutes about 80% of the total GHGs emitted. The challenge lies in finding a solution that will allow Canada to benefit from its fossil fuel resources in an environmentally sustainable manner as a clean fuel. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is a major component of the approaches used to address these issues. However, the main obstacle to CO2 capture is that it is currently not efficient because the energy penalty and the plant size are very large leading to a high cost for CO2 capture. This strategic research will develop a novel, breakthrough, game-changing amine-based catalyst-aided technology that will achieve a dramatic reduction in energy requirements and a large reduction in equipment size that will reduce the cost of CO2 and other pollutants' removal from coal-related exhaust gases (for achieving cleaner fossil fuel energy) to a level where a business case can easily be made for CCS. Then, CO2 capture can be implemented based on economic benefits rather than based purely on environmental regulations.

加拿大从煤炭、原油特许权使用费、税收和石油租赁销售以及化石燃料行业带来的相关就业和经济活动中获得巨大收益。另一方面，由于加拿大是一个人口基数分散的北方大国，因此加拿大的人均能源利用率是世界上最高的之一。此外，当前和不断增长的大部分能源需求基本上是通过化石燃料的燃烧来满足的。这些化石燃料具有高碳强度，其提取和加工不仅非常耗能，而且对环境产生重大影响。特别是，化石燃料的能源生产最近已被证明是二氧化碳（CO2）的主要贡献者，二氧化碳是一种主要的温室气体（GHG），对气候变化和全球变暖有直接影响。例如，油砂生产、原油精炼、化石燃料发电、天然气加工等都会导致温室气体排放增加，特别是二氧化碳和其他污染物，如硫氧化物（SOx）、硫化氢(H2S) 和氮氧化物 (NOx)。在加拿大，二氧化碳约占温室气体排放总量的 80%。挑战在于找到一种解决方案，使加拿大能够以环境可持续的方式作为清洁燃料从其化石燃料资源中受益。二氧化碳捕获和封存（CCS）是解决这些问题的方法的主要组成部分。然而，二氧化碳捕集的主要障碍是目前效率不高，因为能源损失和工厂规模非常大，导致二氧化碳捕集成本高昂。这项战略研究将开发一种新颖的、突破性的、改变游戏规则的胺基催化剂辅助技术，该技术将实现能源需求的大幅降低和设备尺寸的大幅减小，从而降低从煤炭中去除二氧化碳和其他污染物的成本相关废气（用于实现更清洁的化石燃料能源）达到可以轻松为 CCS 制定商业案例的水平。那么，二氧化碳捕集就可以基于经济效益而不是纯粹基于环境法规来实施。