Strong correlation physics in low dimensional quantum materials and ultracold atomic gases - novel states of matter and their applications

低维量子材料和超冷原子气体中的强相关物理——新的物质态及其应用

• 批准号: 327120-2011
• 负责人: Paramekanti, Arun
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=507439
• 关键词: Strong; correlation; physics; low; dimensional

The laws of quantum mechanics together with interactions between electrons can sometimes lead to a remarkable organization of electrons in solids. Among the most spectacular of such effects is the observation of high temperature superconductivity in certain two-dimensional copper oxide and iron arsenide materials. Another recent discovery of an unusual electronic state of matter is graphene - a single layer of carbon atoms forming an ultrathin membrane in which electrons exhibit strange behaviors, such as being completely transmitted through barriers which ordinarily reflect electrons, and perfect lensing of quantum mechanical electron waves. These examples illustrate that electrons in low dimensional solids often exhibit new states of matter, and these states possess a slew of interesting properties which hold the promise of new technologies. Recent interest has also focused on the behavior of alkali atoms and alkaline earth atoms at ultralow temperatures. In this regime, the quantum nature of these atoms becomes apparent, and depending on what kind of atom one is working with (bosons or fermions), they exhibit phenomena ranging from Bose condensation to paired superfluidity. From a condensed matter physics perspective, such systems offer a unique perspective on understanding the behavior of electrons in solids - the atoms behave analogous to electrons in many respect, yet the cold atom experiments can tune the interaction between the atoms in a clean controllable fashion which cannot be achieved with electrons in solids. The proposed research will address fundamental aspects of strongly correlated quantum states of matter in solid state materials and ultracold atomic gases, together with exploring the applications of this understanding towards novel technologies.

量子力学的定律以及电子之间的相互作用有时会导致固体中的一个显着的电子组织。这种影响最壮观的是在某些二维氧化铜和砷化铁材料中观察高温超导性。另一个不寻常的物质电子状态的另一个发现是石墨烯 - 形成超薄膜的单层碳原子，其中电子表现出奇怪的行为，例如通过屏障完全传播，通常反映电子的完美镜头，量子机械电波的完美镜头。这些示例表明，低维固体中的电子经常表现出新的物质状态，并且这些状态具有许多有趣的特性，这些特性具有新技术的希望。最近的兴趣还集中在超高温下碱原子和碱土原子的行为上。在这种状态下，这些原子的量子性质变得显而易见，并且取决于一种原子（玻色子或费米子）的作用，它们表现出从玻色凝结到配对超丰富的现象。从凝结物理物理学的角度来看，这种系统为理解固体中电子的行为提供了独特的观点 - 在许多方面，原子的行为与电子相似，但是冷原子实验可以以干净的可控制方式调整原子之间的相互作用固体中的电子无法实现。拟议的研究将介绍固态材料和超低原子气体在固态材料和超低原子气体中密切相关的量子状态的基本方面，并探索这种理解对新技术的应用。