Household Studies of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

流感和其他呼吸道病毒的家庭研究

• 批准号: 9296974
• 负责人: AUBREE L GORDON
• 金额: $ 57.41万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9296974
• 关键词: 5 year old; Accounting; Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Antibodies; Antigens; Attenuated; Behavior; Biological Assay; Blood Circulation; Blood specimen; Characteristics; Child; Cohort Studies; Collection; Communities; Community-Acquired Infections; Complex; Coronavirus; Data; Data Collection; Detection; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Enrollment; Enterovirus 68; Etiology; Evaluation; Exposure to; Failure; Frequencies; Funding; General Population; Genetic; Goals; Hazard Models; Health; Hemagglutinin; Home environment; Household; Immune; Immunity; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Influenza; Influenza vaccination; Investigation; Laboratories; Lead; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neuraminidase; Nose; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Population; Predisposition; Prevention; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Respiratory Tract Infections; Risk; Seasons; Serological; Specimen; Statistical Methods; Swab; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; United States; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Variant; Viral; Viral Hemagglutinins; Viral Respiratory Tract Infection; Virus; Work; base; caregiving; cohort; cross reactivity; defined contribution; design; economic cost; flu transmission; improved; indexing; influenza epidemic; influenza virus vaccine; influenzavirus; innovation; interest; mortality; novel; prospective; public health intervention; respiratory; respiratory infection virus; respiratory virus; response; seasonal influenza; transmission process; vaccine effectiveness; viral transmission; virus identification

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Each year, outbreaks of seasonal influenza produce substantial morbidity, mortality and attendant economic costs in the United States. Household transmission has been proposed as a major driver of influenza epidemics, and circulation of other respiratory viruses. The overall objective of this application is to expand our understanding of acute respiratory illness risk, susceptibility, and transmission through continuation of our established household cohort study. We have identified the frequency of detection and co-detection of 13 respiratory viruses, and demonstrated lower vaccine effectiveness and reduced response to current season vaccination among those vaccinated in the prior year. Our long term goal is to further employ the established household platform for the surveillance of both currently recognized and emerging respiratory viruses (e.g. enterovirus D68) using innovative laboratory and statistical methods. Of particular interest will be the evaluation of determinants o protection produced by past influenza infection and vaccination. We will accomplish the overall objectives through the following specific aims: Aim 1) To characterize the effect of recent infection and vaccination history on the risk of subsequent influenza infection; Aim 2) To expand previous evaluations of immune correlates of protection and of susceptibility to influenza using assays measuring antibodies to the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens plus additional, novel assays in development; Aim 3) To estimate household infection parameters and factors affecting transmission in households where influenza has been introduced. Enrolling and following individual households for up to five years allows for the investigation of risk factos and immune correlates as they impact influenza transmission patterns over a multiple year span. This study will address major gaps in our understanding of correlates of protection and the transmission of influenza and other respiratory viruses in the following ways: the proposed work will (1) define the contributions of vaccination and infection history to risk of subsequent respiratory infection, and inform the development of improved vaccines against influenza and other respiratory viruses (e.g. RSV), (2) identify key immune correlates which will serve as targets for future research to reduce vaccine failures in the general population and (3) provide robust estimates of influenza transmission patterns in households and communities to inform public health intervention efforts. Our results will lead to improvements in the understanding and prevention of respiratory virus infection in U.S. communities.

 描述（由申请人提供）：每年，季节性流感的爆发都会在美国造成大量的发病率、死亡率和随之而来的经济成本，家庭传播被认为是流感流行和其他呼吸道病毒传播的主要驱动因素。这个应用程序的目的是扩大我们的理解 通过继续开展我们既定的家庭队列研究，我们确定了 13 种呼吸道病毒的检测频率和共同检测频率，并证明这些疫苗的疫苗有效性较低，并且对当前季节疫苗接种的反应降低。我们的长期目标是利用创新的实验室和统计方法，进一步利用已建立的家庭平台来监测当前已知的和新出现的呼吸道病毒（例如肠道病毒 D68）。保护我们将通过以下具体目标来实现总体目标： 目标 1) 描述近期感染和疫苗接种史对后续流感感染风险的影响； 目标 2) 扩大之前的免疫评估。使用血凝素 (HA) 和神经氨酸酶 (NA) 抗原的抗体检测以及正在开发的其他新检测方法来评估流感的保护性和易感性之间的关系；目标 3) 估计家庭感染参数和影响传播的因素；对已引入流感的家庭进行长达五年的登记和跟踪，可以调查风险事实和免疫相关因素，因为它们会影响多年的流感传播模式。这项研究将解决我们对相关因素理解上的主要差距。通过以下方式了解流感和其他呼吸道病毒的保护和传播：拟议的工作将（1）确定疫苗接种和感染史对随后呼吸道感染风险的贡献，并为开发针对流感和其他呼吸道病毒的改进疫苗提供信息病毒（例如 RSV），(2)确定关键的免疫相关因素，将其作为未来研究的目标，以减少普通人群的疫苗接种失败情况；(3) 提供对家庭和社区流感传播模式的可靠估计，为公共卫生干预工作提供信息。我们的结果将导致改善。了解和预防美国社区呼吸道病毒感染。