Impact of Psychiatric Genetic Data on Civil Litigation and its Relationship with Stigma

精神病学基因数据对民事诉讼的影响及其与耻辱的关系

基本信息

批准号：
8951309
负责人：
Maya Sabatello
金额：
$ 17.39万
依托单位：
NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-09-01 至 2020-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8951309
关键词：
Address Advocate Affect Area Attitude Behavior Behavioral Genetics Bioethics Child Child Custody Clinical Collaborations Complement Computers Conflict of Interest Court Decisions Dangerousness Data Decision Making Development Diagnosis Diagnostic Disputes Economics Education Empirical Research Ensure Etiology Family Family member Free Will Gender General Population Genetic Genetic screening method Genomics Goals Grant Health Status Human Individual Institutes International Journals Justice Knowledge Laws Learning Legal Link Literature Litigation Measures Medical Mental disorders Mentored Research Scientist Development Award Mentors Methodology Methods Monitor National Human Genome Research Institute Nature Neurobiology Parents Peer Review Perception Persons Policies Policy Maker Privacy Psyche structure Psychiatry Public Policy Publishing Race Research Research Methodology Research Priority Rights Risk Role Sampling Schools Social Characteristics Social Justice Social Sciences Societies Special Education Surveys System Technology Therapeutic Time Tort Traction Training Training Programs Work base body-mind court design disability ethical legal social implication experience father role interest programs prospective psychogenetics psychologic public health relevance response skills social social equality social science research social stigma

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Advances in psychiatric genetics are likely to offer major diagnostic and therapeutic benefits, but also legal and social-related risks, to individuals who were diagnosed with, or have a proclivity for, psychiatric disorders. In response, courts and policy-makers will have to ensure that psychiatric genetic data are used to promote, and not to obstruct, equality, justice, and social inclusion. However, few studies have queried how such data might impact judicial decision-making; none have explored this question in civil proceedings about parental rights, children's education, and responsibility for behavior in tort. This K01 proposes to study the impact of psychiatric genetic data on these 3 prominent areas of litigation and its relationship to stigma to better understand the implications of new discoveries in psychiatric genetics for law, society, and individual rights, and to inform policy-makers about this knowledge as they devise responses to these advances. The study's aims are: 1) To survey appellate court decisions in family law, education, and torts to determine the extent to which courts are considering psychiatric genetic data, and how they use such data in their decisions; 2) To investigate judicial views about the use of psychiatric genetic data and how such data may affect judges' and public perceptions of parental capacity, educational decisions, and civil responsibility for behavior in tort cases; and 3) To assess the association between psychiatric genetic data and stigma by studying if such data affect judges' and public perception of broader civil legal incapacity and treatment options, and the relationship to judicial bias against persons with psychiatric conditions. For Aim 1, I will use a mix of qualitative legal analysis and empirica methods. For Aim 2, I will use a vignette methodology, administered in 3 waves, with samples, respectively, of family court judges, parents, and state trial court judges and the jury-eligible general population. For Aim 3, I will use existing legal and sociological literature on psychiatric related stigma to develop measures of explicit stigma, and a computer-based measure designed to detect implicit bias, administered as part of the vignettes, to assess the relationships among psychiatric genetic data, judicial decisions, and stigma. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed medical, psychological and policy journals. Complementing these studies will be an intensive training program comprised of didactic courses, tailored training, clinical exposure at the NY State Psychiatric Institute, and mentored experience. My primary mentor Dr. Appelbaum, co-mentors Drs. Link and Ottman, collaborator, Dr. Phelan, biostatistician, Dr. Goldsmith, and consultant, Dr. Parens will train and monitor my progress as I attain my training goals to: 1) develop the skills necessary for conducting empirical research; 2) learn about the clinical aspects of psychiatric disorders; and 3) build and expand national and international professional collaborations with scholars in psychiatry, genetics, social sciences, bioethics, and law. This training will culminate in R01 grant submission to further study the intended and unintended consequences of psychiatric genetic data on law, equality, and social inclusion.

描述（由申请人提供）：精神遗传学的进步可能会给被诊断患有精神疾病或有精神疾病倾向的个人带来重大的诊断和治疗益处，但也会带来法律和社会相关的风险。政策制定者必须确保精神科遗传数据用于促进而不是阻碍平等、正义和社会包容。然而，很少有研究质疑这些数据如何影响司法决策；民事诉讼中的问题父母权利、儿童教育和侵权行为责任本 K01 建议研究精神病遗传学对这 3 个突出诉讼领域的影响及其与耻辱的关系，以更好地了解精神病遗传学新发现对法律和社会的影响。和个人权利，并让政策制定者了解这些知识，以应对这些进步。本研究的目的是：1) 调查上诉法院在家庭法、教育和侵权方面的判决，以确定法院在多大程度上做出了决定。正在考虑精神病学遗传数据，以及他们如何在决策中使用这些数据；2) 调查司法界对精神病学遗传数据的使用的看法，以及这些数据如何影响法官和公众对父母能力、教育决策和民事责任的看法。 3) 通过研究法官和公众对更广泛的民事法律无行为能力和治疗选择的看法，以及与司法偏见的关系，评估精神遗传数据与耻辱之间的关联。对于目标 1，我将结合使用定性法律分析和经验方法；对于目标 2，我将使用小插图方法，分 3 波进行，分别针对家庭法院法官、父母和患者。对于目标 3，我将使用有关精神病学的现有法律和社会学文献。相关耻辱制定了明确耻辱的衡量标准，以及旨在检测隐性偏见的基于计算机的衡量标准，作为小插图的一部分进行管理，以评估精神病学遗传数据、司法判决和耻辱之间的关系。调查结果将发表在《同行》杂志上。对这些研究的补充将是一个强化培训计划，包括教学课程、定制培训、纽约州立精神病学研究所的临床接触以及我的主要导师阿佩尔鲍姆博士和共同导师的指导经验。合作者 Link 博士和 Ottman 博士、生物统计学家 Phelan 博士、Goldsmith 博士和顾问 Parens 博士将在我实现培训目标时对我进行培训和监控，以：1) 培养进行实证研究所需的技能；2) ) 了解精神疾病的临床方面；3) 与精神病学、遗传学、社会科学、生物伦理学和法律领域的学者建立和扩大国内和国际专业合作。提交赠款，以进一步研究精神科遗传数据对法律、平等和社会包容的有意和无意的影响。