Minority Worker Training Program (MWTP)

少数民族工人培训计划（MWTP）

• 批准号: 8309868
• 负责人: Beverly L Wright
• 金额: $ 93.55万
• 依托单位: DILLARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8309868
• 关键词: 18 year old; Academia; Academic achievement; Address; Adult; Affect; African American; Air; American; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Businesses; Categories; Chemical Exposure; Chemicals; Cities; Collaborations; Color; Commerce; Communities; Community Developments; Complex; Computers; Continuing Education; Contractor; Counseling; Data; Decision Making; Deep South; Department of Energy; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Economically Deprived Population; Economics; Education and Outreach; Educational Curriculum; Educational workshop; Employment; Energy-Generating Resources; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollution; Exposure to; Five-Year Plans; Funding; Funding Agency; Goals; Government; Government Agencies; Hazardous Substances; Hazardous Waste; Hazardous Waste Sites; Health; Health education; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Human; Human Resources; Hurricane; Income; Individual; Industry; Injury; Institution; Investments; Journals; Latino; Left; Life; Link; Living Standards; Local Government; Louisiana; Low income; Marketing; Massachusetts; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Michigan; Minor; Minority; Mississippi; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Natural Disasters; Neighborhoods; Nervous system structure; Occupations; Oils; Participant; Pathway interactions; Petroleum; Policies; Pollution; Pollution Prevention; Population; Poverty; Price; Problem Solving; Process; Program Evaluation; Provider; Qualifying; Race; Readiness; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Religion and Spirituality; Reporting; Resources; Risk; Safety; Science; Scientist; Services; Site; Techniques; Technology; Thinking; Threshold Limit Values; Training; Training Programs; Training Technics; Training and Education; U-Series Cooperative Agreements; Underserved Population; Unemployment; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Universities; Work; Workplace; Writing; base; climate change; college; community organizations; computer science; design; environmental justice; fighting; health disparity; high school; improved; meetings; member; metropolitan; neurotoxic; outreach; programs; psychologic; remediation; safety education; skills; skills training; social; sound; superfund site; symposium; trend; urban area; wasting

An estimated one in four Americans lives within 3 miles of a hazardous waste site. More than 47,000 hazardous waste sites potentially requiring cleanup actions and has been placed on some of the most seriously contaminated sites on its National Priorities List (NPL). Through the end of fiscal year 2007, EPA had classified 1,569 sites as NPL sites (U.S. GAO 2008). In the 2007, the Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty report found people of color make up the majority (56%) of those living in neighborhoods within two miles of the nation's commercial hazardous waste facilities, nearly double the percentage in areas beyond two miles (30%). People of color make up a much larger (over two-thirds) majority (69%) in neighborhoods with clustered facilities (Bullard et al. 2007). Between 70,000 to 80,000 chemicals are on the commercial market and hence in the environment with nearly six trillion pounds produced annually in the United States. Every year 1000 - 2000 new chemicals enter the market and consequently the environment (Kreisel, 1998). Neurotoxic chemicals are significant contributors to human health problems that result from environmental and work place chemical exposure (Donkin and Williams, 2000). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports that exposure to neurotoxic chemicals is one of the 10 leading causes of work-related disease and injury and that over 25% of the chemicals for which the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established threshold limit values (TLV) have demonstrated nervous system effects. Abandoned waste sites dot the urban landscape and pose elevated health risks to low-income and minority populations (Bullard 2000; Bullard et al. 2007). A 2005 Associated Press study found African Americans are 79 percent more likely than whites to live in neighborhoods where industrial pollution is suspected of posing the greatest health danger (Pace 2005). Using EPA's own data and government scientists, the AP found blacks in 19 states and Latinos in 12 states were more than twice as likely as whites to live in neighborhoods where pollution poses the greatest health danger. The EPA report. Cleaning Up the Nation's Waste Sites: Markets and Technology Trends 2004 Edition (U.S. EPA 2004), found more than 77,000 sites contaminated with hazardous waste and petroleum products, with up to 9,267 more discovered each year. By 2039, as many as 355,000 hazardous waste sites in the U.S. could require cleanup. Additionally, in its 2008-2012 Five Year Plan, the Department of Energy (DOE) estimates completing cleanup of 100 contaminated sites by 2025. Under current regulatory requirements and practices, an estimated 294,000 sites (range 235,000 - 355,000) in the seven market segments will need to be cleaned up. This estimate does not include sites where cleanup is completed or ongoing. More than 90 percent of these sites are in programs that tend to have relatively smaller, less-complex cleanup projects, such as the underground storage tank (UST) program (125,000 sites) and state voluntary and mandatory cleanup programs (150,000). In November 2009, Forbes Magazine ranked the Atlanta and Detroit Metropolitan areas as the first and second "worst polluted" cities on four measures: the number of superfund sites, the number of facilities reporting toxic releases, total pounds of toxic releases and a ranking based on the number of days in 2007 that overall air quality was at unhealthy levels (Levy 2009). The consortium training is designed to meet emerging threats and opportunities posed by challenges associated with changing climate, alternative energy sources, and rapidly penetrating new materials and technologies into global commerce. Increased concern surrounding climate change has increased our concern about more natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina, which resulted in 6-8 million gallons of petroleum released onto grounds and waterways from four major oil spills and 134 minor spills. This alone places New Orleans in the category of a heavily polluted major city. The consortium training focuses on legacy clean-up of hazardous wastes as well as training for the new "green" and clean-energy economy. New waste cleanup approaches focus on green assessment, green remediation and green construction. The clean-energy economy is projected to create new 'pathways out of poverty' for the 78 million people in the U.S. (roughly 25 percent of the population) who are presently poor or near-poor, and raise living standards more generally for low-income people in the United States. According to the University of Massachusetts, Green Prosperity: How Clean Energy Policies Can Fight Poverty and Raise Living Standards in the United States report, investment in "green jobs" in a clean-energy economy, including weatherization, would produce 31,658 jobs, over 17,000 for metro Atlanta workers with high school degrees or less, and cut unemployment by over one percentage point (Pollin, Wicks-Lim, and Garnett-Peltier 2009). In 2009, more than $78.72 billion were allocated to clean energy and weatherization under the Recovery Act. Of this total, $50.7 million was allocated to Louisiana, $248 million in Georgia, $49.4 million in Mississippi, and $243 million in Michigan. The overall goal of the Weatherization Assistance Program is to reduce the burden of energy prices on the disadvantaged. In the Atlanta metropolitan area, homeowners and renters could save about 2 percent of their income by investing in retrofits. With most of the green jobs emerging in the construction sector, it is imperative that we systematically target training for low-income underserved populations or they will once again be left behind. In Atlanta, construction jobs are expected to increase by 15 percent for the city and 52 percent for the metro area by the year 2014. In 2007, while most of the region was declining in the number of building permits issued, the city of Atlanta had a 12 percent increase, revealing a continuous demand for skilled construction workers. In the Detroit metropolitan area, investment in a clean energy economy would produce 23,880 new jobs overall, with 11,312 jobs for workers with high school degrees or less. In the New Orleans metropolitan area, investment in a clean energy economy would produce 6,629 jobs, over 3,700 for workers with high school degrees or less, and cut unemployment by over one percentage point. As hazardous waste cleanup expands and intensifies, millions of individuals will spend a portion of their working lives in the hazardous waste cleanup process. Low-income and minority individuals with limited exposure to the world of work may lack the "soft skills" needed to get a job, stay employed, and advance. Minority and low-income communities have been disproportionately affected by environmental contamination. Although the environmental remediation industry is growing, few construction or environmental training has been targeted to community residents from these impacted communities. Without a focused effort to provide training to residents that live near these hazardous waste sites, there is little likelihood that minority workers will receive economic benefits from employment in the construction or environmental industry, thereby, perpetuating the lack of community involvement and participation in the clean-up and revitalization of urban areas. The documented needs, the history of successful collaboration among the members to develop/revise and evaluate curricula and establish policies to facilitate worker training, and the need for a sustained funding sources are the basis for this proposal. The consortium goes beyond the traditional approach to providing environmental health and safety training and will include: (1) basic skills training to address lack of basic academic skills, problem solving skills, and other employability skills such as "writing, critical thinking, decision-making, team-building, and life skills; (2) pre-apprenticeship training in the area of basic construction skills and environmental remediation training; (3) environmental awareness training; and, (4) community building. The consortium is becoming recognized as a resource in its geographical area. Continued NIEHS funding will provide a stable base to assure that core consortium personnel are available for outreach and the coordination of a cadre of personnel for program delivery.

据估计，四分之一的美国人居住在危险废物处理场 3 英里范围内。超过 47,000 危险废物场可能需要采取清理行动，并已被放置在一些最严重的地方 受污染场地列入国家优先事项清单（NPL）。截至 2007 财年末，美国环保局 (EPA) 将 1,569 个场所列为不良场所（U.S. GAO 2008）。 2007 年，《有毒废物和二十岁竞赛》报告 发现居住在距市中心两英里范围内的社区的居民中，大多数 (56%) 是有色人种 全国商业危险废物处理设施中，两英里以外区域的百分比几乎翻倍（30%）。 在人口密集的社区中，有色人种占多数（超过三分之二）（69%） 设施（Bullard 等，2007）。 商业市场上有 70,000 至 80,000 种化学品，因此环境中存在 美国每年生产近六万亿磅。每年有 1000 - 2000 种新化学品进入 市场，进而环境（Kreisel，1998）。神经毒性化学物质很重要 因环境和工作场所化学品接触而导致人类健康问题的因素 （唐金和威廉姆斯，2000）。美国国家职业安全与健康研究所 (NIOSH) 报告称 接触神经毒性化学物质是导致工作相关疾病和伤害的 10 个主要原因之一 超过 25% 的化学品经过美国政府工业卫生学家会议 (ACGIH) 已建立的阈值限值（TLV）已证明对神经系统的影响。 废弃的垃圾场遍布城市景观，对低收入和少数族裔构成较高的健康风险 人口（Bullard 2000；Bullard 等人 2007）。美联社 2005 年的一项研究发现非裔美国人 居住在疑似工业污染的社区的可能性比白人高 79% 最大的健康危险（Pace 2005）。美联社利用美国环保署自己的数据和政府科学家发现黑人 19 个州的白人和 12 个州的拉丁裔居住在以下社区的可能性是白人的两倍多 污染造成最大的健康危险。 美国环保局的报告。清理国家的垃圾场：市场和技术趋势 2004 年版 （U.S. EPA 2004），发现超过 77,000 个地点受到危险废物和石油产品的污染， 每年发现的数量多达 9,267 个。到 2039 年，美国将有多达 355,000 个危险废物处理场 可能需要清理。此外，能源部 (DOE) 在其 2008-2012 年五年计划中 预计到 2025 年完成 100 个污染场地的清理工作。 根据当前的监管要求和实践，估计有 294,000 个站点（范围 235,000 - 355,000）七个细分市场需要清理。此估计不包括以下地点 清理工作已完成或正在进行中。超过 90% 的这些站点所包含的程序往往具有 相对较小、不太复杂的清理项目，例如地下储罐 (UST) 计划 （125,000 个地点）以及州自愿和强制清理计划（150,000 个）。 2009年11月，《福布斯》杂志将亚特兰大和底特律大都市地区评为第一 和第二个“污染最严重”城市的四项指标：超级基金站点数量、设施数量 报告有毒物质排放量、有毒物质排放总量以及基于 2007 年有毒物质排放天数的排名 总体空气质量处于不健康水平（Levy 2009）。 联盟培训旨在应对新出现的威胁和挑战带来的机遇 与气候变化、替代能源以及快速渗透的新材料和 技术融入全球商业。对气候变化的日益关注也增加了我们的担忧 有关更多自然灾害，例如卡特里娜飓风，导致 6-800 万加仑石油流失 4 起重大漏油事件和 134 起小型漏油事件释放到地面和水道中。仅此一点就使新 奥尔良属于污染严重的主要城市。 该联盟培训的重点是危险废物的遗留清理以及新危险废物的培训。 “绿色”和清洁能源经济。新的废物清理方法注重绿色评估、绿色 修复和绿色施工。清洁能源经济预计将开辟新的“出路” 美国 7800 万人（约占总人口的 25%）目前处于贫困或贫困状态 接近贫困人口，并更广泛地提高美国低收入人群的生活水平。根据 马萨诸塞大学，绿色繁荣：清洁能源政策如何消除贫困和提高收入 美国生活标准报告显示，对清洁能源经济中“绿色就业”的投资，包括 防风化，将创造 31,658 个就业岗位，其中 17,000 多个为亚特兰大都会区具有高中学历或 减少，并将失业率降低超过一个百分点（Pollin、Wicks-Lim 和 Garnett-Peltier，2009 年）。 2009年，超过787.2亿美元的资金被分配给清洁能源和气候保护。 恢复法。其中，5070 万美元分配给路易斯安那州，2.48 亿美元分配给佐治亚州，4940 万美元分配给乔治亚州。 密西西比州和密歇根州为 2.43 亿美元。耐候援助计划的总体目标是 减轻弱势群体的能源价格负担。 在亚特兰大大都市区，房主和租房者可以节省大约 2% 的收入 通过投资改造。随着大多数绿色就业机会出现在建筑行业，当务之急是 我们系统地针对低收入人群进行培训，否则他们将再次被抛弃 在后面。在亚特兰大，该市的建筑工作岗位预计将增加 15%，市区的建筑工作岗位将增加 52% 到 2014 年，大部分地区的建筑许可证数量都在下降，而 2007 年 亚特兰大市的增长率为 12%，表明对熟练建筑的持续需求 工人。 在底特律大都市区，对清洁能源经济的投资将产生 23,880 个新人口 总体而言，高中及以下学历的工人有 11,312 个工作岗位。在新奥尔良大都市 地区，清洁能源经济投资将创造 6,629 个就业岗位，其中 3,700 多个为高中学历工人 度或更低，并将失业率降低一个百分点以上。 随着危险废物清理工作的扩大和加强，数百万人将花费其一部分资金 危险废物清理过程中的工作生活。低收入和少数民族个人的资源有限 接触职场可能缺乏找到工作、保住工作和晋升所需的“软技能”。 少数族裔和低收入社区受到环境影响尤为严重 污染。尽管环境修复行业不断发展，但建设或建设的情况却很少。 环境培训针对的是这些受影响社区的社区居民。没有 虽然集中努力为居住在这些危险废物场附近的居民提供培训，但几乎没有 少数族裔工人从建筑业就业中获得经济利益的可能性 环境产业，从而长期缺乏社区的参与和参与 城市地区的清洁和振兴。 记录下来的需求、成员之间成功合作开发/修订的历史 评估课程并制定政策以促进工人培训以及持续资金的需求 来源是本提案的基础。该联盟超越了传统的方式提供 环境健康与安全培训将包括：（1）基本技能培训，解决基本技能的缺乏 学术技能、解决问题的技能以及其他就业技能，例如“写作、批判性思维、 决策、团队建设和生活技能； （二）基础建设领域学徒前培训 技能和环境修复培训； (3)环保意识培训； (4) 社区 建筑。 该财团正在其地理区域内被视为一种资源。续 NIEHS 资金将提供稳定的基础，以确保核心财团人员能够进行外展和 协调一支人员队伍以执行计划。