Understanding the Conceptual-Motor Interface

了解概念运动接口

• 批准号: 7987337
• 负责人: LAUREL J BUXBAUM
• 金额: $ 35.74万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN HEALTHCARE NETWORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7987337
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Apraxias; Architecture; Area; Biological Models; Brain; Clinical; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Competence; Concept Formation; Coupled; Dementia; Disease; Dissociation; Environment; Exhibits; Goals; Grant; Individual Differences; Inferior; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Left; Lesion; Link; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Nature; Neurologic; Parietal; Patients; Pattern; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Retrieval; Series; Shapes; Stroke; Structure; Syndrome; System; Testing; Time; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; United States National Institutes of Health; Visual; Work; base; clinically significant; cognitive neuroscience; design; improved; improved functioning; intraparietal sulcus; motor control; motor impairment; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; theories; virtual

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An emerging movement within cognitive neuroscience posits that many cognitive processes are a product of goal-directed interactions between actors and environments. A complementary view is the theory of "motor facilitation", which maintains that viewing an object activates the appropriate movements for interacting with it. Thus hypothesized is a strong bi-directional link between conceptual representations of objects and goal- directed actions. Due in part to the novelty of this area of investigation, relevant theories are for the most part highly unconstrained. This proposal makes use of our conceptual model of object-related actions, the 2 Action System model, to frame a theoretically- driven set of predictions that will be tested in an interdigitated series of studies with patients with stroke and cortico-basal ganglionic degeneration syndrome, both of whom exhibit high-level action disorders, healthy subjects, detailed neuroimaging analyses, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. One of the critical hypotheses to be tested is that different types of action representations may be activated under different task demands, with differing predicted time courses, and based upon distinct neuroanatomic substrates. Also to be tested are predictions related to a hypothesized set of constraints on the relationship of motor competence and conceptual organization. Finally, several experiments will relate individual differences in the current status of the motor system, and underlying integrity of brain structures involved in motor planning and execution, to a) activation of previously-existing, natural conceptual representations and b) the ability to develop artificial conceptual object and action representations. These studies will test the hypothesis that the competence of the motor system has highly circumscribed and predicted relevance for both natural concept retrieval as well as artificial concept learning. The proposed work is expected to have broad significance for theories of "selection for action" and "embodied cognition", as well as for accounts of higher-level disorders of motor control. Specifically, the proposed work will 1) provide critical constraints on the contexts in which bidirectional links are observed at the conceptual- motor interface, 2) elucidate the precise representational structure and time-course of activation of object and action representations, 3) anchor relevant constructs in a detailed cognitive-neuroanatomic model, and 4) clarify the nature of conceptual-motor impairments of patients with high-level (cognitive) action disorders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposal describes a series of studies with neurological patients and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) having broad significance for our understanding of clinical disorders of object-related action (apraxias). These disorders are extremely common and disabling in both stroke and degenerative dementia, yet have been the subject of comparatively little research. The proposed experiments will focus on clarifying the mechanisms and interactions of neural systems responsible for coding different types of object-related action, and are a critical missing step in the design of theoretically and empirically informed approaches to treatment.

描述（由申请人提供）：认知神经科学领域的一项新兴运动认为，许多认知过程是行动者与环境之间以目标为导向的相互作用的产物。一种补充观点是“运动促进”理论，该理论认为，观看物体会激活与其互动的适当运动。因此，假设对象的概念表示和目标导向的行动之间存在强大的双向联系。部分由于该研究领域的新颖性，相关理论在很大程度上不受约束。该提案利用我们的对象相关动作的概念模型，即 2 动作系统模型，来构建一组理论驱动的预测，这些预测将在针对中风和皮质基底节变性综合征患者的一系列交叉研究中进行测试，两人都表现出高度的动作障碍、健康受试者、详细的神经影像分析和经颅磁刺激。要测试的关键假设之一是，不同类型的动作表征可能在不同的任务需求下、具有不同的预测时间过程、并且基于不同的神经解剖学基质而被激活。还需要测试的是与运动能力和概念组织关系的一组假设约束相关的预测。最后，一些实验将把运动系统当前状态的个体差异以及参与运动规划和执行的大脑结构的潜在完整性与a）先前存在的自然概念表征的激活和b）开发人工能力联系起来。概念对象和动作表示。这些研究将检验这样的假设：运动系统的能力对于自然概念检索和人工概念学习具有高度限制和预测的相关性。这项工作预计将对“行动选择”和“具身认知”理论以及高级运动控制障碍的解释具有广泛的意义。具体来说，所提出的工作将 1) 对在概念-运动界面观察到双向链接的上下文提供关键约束，2) 阐明精确的表征结构以及对象和动作表征激活的时间过程，3) 锚相关构建详细的认知神经解剖模型，4）阐明高级（认知）动作障碍患者概念运动障碍的性质。 公共健康相关性：该提案描述了一系列针对神经系统患者和经颅磁刺激 (TMS) 的研究，对于我们理解与物体相关的行为（失用症）的临床疾病具有广泛的意义。这些疾病在中风和退行性痴呆中极为常见且致残，但研究的主题相对较少。拟议的实验将侧重于阐明负责编码不同类型的与物体相关的动作的神经系统的机制和相互作用，并且是设计理论和经验丰富的治疗方法中关键的缺失步骤。