Taste, smell, and feeding behavior in autism: A quantitative traits study

自闭症患者的味觉、嗅觉和进食行为：数量特征研究

• 批准号: 7856860
• 负责人: LOISA BENNETTO
• 金额: $ 15.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-17 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7856860
• 关键词: Adolescent; Age; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Child; Clinical; Cognitive; Detection; Development; Eating; Eating Behavior; Ethnic Origin; Family; Family member; Feeding behaviors; Food; Food Preferences; Functional disorder; Future; Gender; General Population; Genes; Genetic; Handedness; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intellectual functioning disability; Link; Literature; Matched Group; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Nature; Odors; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Phenotype; Process; Psychophysiology; Questionnaires; Race; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Siblings; Smell Perception; Social Behavior; Social Functioning; Social Identification; Socioeconomic Status; Specificity; Symptoms; Taste Perception; Testing; Work; autism spectrum disorder; feeding; proband; public health relevance; response; social; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite long-standing recognition of sensory symptoms in autism, few empirical studies have examined the nature and specificity of dysfunction in this domain. The extant research demonstrates that sensory dysfunction is very significant clinical problem in autism, and may furthermore be related to the presence or development of other behavioral and social deficits. Within the domain of chemosensory processing, there is considerable evidence that children with autism show unusual responses to tastes and odors, and we have recently documented autism-specific impairments in psychophysiological tests of taste and odor identification. Taste and smell are both critical for ingestive behaviors, and a growing literature documents high rates of restricted and atypical eating in children with autism. Olfaction is also critical in mammalian social identification. Research in schizophrenia, and more recently our work in autism, has found a link between impaired odor identification and social dysfunction. Both taste and olfactory functions have been shown to aggregate in non-autism families, and familiality has also been found for some of the food preference, behavioral, and social symptoms that we hypothesize are related to chemosensory deficits. In this project, we shall further investigate chemosensory processing in autism and how it is related to feeding and social behaviors, and the familiality of these quantitative traits. In Aim 1, we shall phenotype 175 families (including a proband with autism, an unaffected sibling, and both parents), and 100 well-matched typical controls, on their ability to detect and identify odorants and tastes, pattern of food preferences, and degree of social impairment. In Aim 2, we shall determine autism-specific patterns of chemosensory and related functions, and examine how these quantitative traits are interrelated. In Aim 3, we shall determine the familial aggregation of these traits. Taken together this work will provide new frameworks for understanding sensory deficits in autism spectrum disorders and how these quantitative traits can serve as markers for increased liability to ASDs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Project Narrative Sensory symptoms are a very significant clinical problem for individuals with autism. In this application, we will examine how individuals with autism process taste and smell information, and how difficulties in these abilities relate to other clinically important symptoms (e.g., restricted eating behavior). Inspired by a growing literature on the genetics of taste and smell, we will also study how these traits are shared within families who have a child with autism.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管长期以来人们认识到自闭症的感觉症状，但很少有实证研究检验该领域功能障碍的性质和特异性。现有的研究表明，感觉功能障碍是自闭症中非常重要的临床问题，并且可能还与其他行为和社交缺陷的存在或发展有关。在化学感觉处理领域，有大量证据表明自闭症儿童对味道和气味表现出不寻常的反应，并且我们最近在味觉和气味识别的心理生理学测试中记录了自闭症特异性损伤。味觉和嗅觉对于摄取行为都至关重要，越来越多的文献表明，自闭症儿童的饮食限制和非典型饮食比例很高。嗅觉对于哺乳动物的社会认同也至关重要。对精神分裂症的研究以及最近我们对自闭症的研究发现，气味识别受损与社交功能障碍之间存在联系。味觉和嗅觉功能已被证明在非自闭症家庭中聚集，并且我们假设与化学感觉缺陷有关的一些食物偏好、行为和社会症状也被发现具有家族性。在这个项目中，我们将进一步研究自闭症的化学感觉处理及其与喂养和社会行为的关系，以及这些数量性状的家族性。在目标 1 中，我们将对 175 个家庭（包括患有自闭症的先证者、未受影响的兄弟姐妹以及父母双方）和 100 个匹配良好的典型对照进行表型分析，了解他们检测和识别气味和味道、食物偏好模式以及饮食习惯的能力。社交障碍的程度。在目标 2 中，我们将确定自闭症特定的化学感应和相关功能模式，并研究这些数量特征如何相互关联。在目标 3 中，我们将确定这些特征的家族聚集。总而言之，这项工作将为理解自闭症谱系障碍的感觉缺陷以及这些数量特征如何作为自闭症谱系障碍易感性增加的标记提供新的框架。公共健康相关性：项目叙述 感觉症状对于自闭症患者来说是一个非常重要的临床问题。在此应用中，我们将研究自闭症患者如何处理味觉和嗅觉信息，以及这些能力的困难与其他临床重要症状（例如，限制饮食行为）之间的关系。受到越来越多关于味觉和嗅觉遗传学文献的启发，我们还将研究这些特征如何在有自闭症儿童的家庭中共享。