Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms of Olfaction

嗅觉的行为和生理机制

基本信息

批准号：
7907246
负责人：
BRIAN H. SMITH
金额：
$ 33.66万
依托单位：
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-09-17 至 2011-09-16
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7907246
关键词：
Behavioral Physiological Mechanisms Olfaction

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal will focus on using the honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a model animal species for understanding mechanisms of behavioral plasticity toward odors. These animals are faced with the same types of olfactory problems as mammals. They require the capability to detect and respond to a very large number of odors because they depend on locating many different types of flowers to harvest carbohydrate resources in nectars. Association of these odors with nectar changes many times within an individual's lifetime, which also requires that animals learn about these associations. Like mammals, insects exhibit a variety of means to learn about and encode memories for floral odors. Comparative evidence indicates that behavioral and systems-level neural processing similarities between insects and mammals have evolved independently. That suggests that there may only be one general neural solution available to encode information about odors. Therefore, as comparative models, insects can be critical for revealing how odors are learned and encoded in the CNS, and whether this mechanism is fundamental to olfactory processing. The aims of this proposal are to evaluate mechanisms of neural plasticity that exist in the insect Antennal Lobes (AL), which are the neural analogs to the mammalian Olfactory Bulb (Hildebrand & Shepherd 1997). The central theme is that documented neural mechanisms and modulatory pathways in the AL that represent the presence (or absence) of reinforcement serve as a means to filter out unimportant, variable background odors. This allows biologically relevant, learned odors to be readily detected. There will be three aims. First, behavioral investigations will examine in detail mechanisms that underlie a learned inattention (CS preexposure effect) toward odors and blocking in odor-odor mixtures. In particular, manipulations of the conditioning context will reveal the extent to which specific theoretical treatments of CS preexposure can account for it in insects. Second, multichannel recording techniques will be employed to investigate whether and how these behavioral mechanisms may be implemented as a filtering mechanism in the AL. Third, pharmacological and molecular manipulation by way of RNA interference will be used to examine how modulatory pathways represent reinforcement in the AL by regulating biogenic amine (serotonin and octopamine) release.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案将重点关注使用蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）作为模型动物物种，以了解气味行为可塑性机制。这些动物面临着与哺乳动物相同类型的嗅觉问题。它们需要能够检测和响应大量气味，因为它们依赖于定位许多不同类型的花朵来收获花蜜中的碳水化合物资源。这些气味与花蜜的关联在人的一生中会多次变化，这也要求动物了解这些关联。与哺乳动物一样，昆虫表现出多种方式来了解和编码花香记忆。比较证据表明，昆虫和哺乳动物之间的行为和系统级神经处理相似性是独立进化的。这表明可能只有一种通用的神经解决方案可用于编码有关气味的信息。因此，作为比较模型，昆虫对于揭示中枢神经系统如何学习和编码气味以及这种机制是否是嗅觉处理的基础至关重要。该提案的目的是评估昆虫触角叶 (AL) 中存在的神经可塑性机制，触角叶是哺乳动物嗅球的神经类似物 (Hildebrand & Shepherd 1997)。中心主题是，记录在案的 AL 中代表强化存在（或不存在）的神经机制和调节途径可以作为过滤掉不重要的、可变的背景气味的手段。这使得生物学相关的、习得的气味可以很容易地被检测到。将有三个目标。首先，行为研究将详细检查对气味的习得性不注意（CS 暴露前效应）和气味混合物中的阻塞的机制。特别是，对条件环境的操纵将揭示CS预暴露的特定理论处理在多大程度上可以解释昆虫的这种现象。其次，将采用多通道记录技术来研究这些行为机制是否以及如何可以作为 AL 中的过滤机制实现。第三，通过 RNA 干扰的药理学和分子操作将用于检查调节途径如何通过调节生物胺（血清素和章鱼胺）释放来增强 AL。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（22）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Ability of honeybee, Apis mellifera, to detect and discriminate odors of varieties of canola (Brassica rapa and Brassica napus) and snapdragon flowers (Antirrhinum majus).

蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）检测和辨别油菜品种（Brassica rapa 和 Brassica napus）和金鱼草花（Antirhinum majus）气味的能力。

DOI：
发表时间：
2002-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Wright, Geraldine A;Skinner, Bethany D;Smith, Brian H
通讯作者：
Smith, Brian H

Analyzing Neuronal Networks Using Discrete-Time Dynamics.

使用离散时间动力学分析神经网络。

DOI：
发表时间：
2010-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Ahn, Sungwoo;Smith, Brian H;Borisyuk, Alla;Terman, David
通讯作者：
Terman, David

Learning modifies odor mixture processing to improve detection of relevant components.

学习修改气味混合物处理以改进相关成分的检测。

DOI：
发表时间：
2015-01-07
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Chen, Jen;Marachlian, Emiliano;Assisi, Collins;Huerta, Ramon;Smith, Brian H;Locatelli, Fernando;Bazhenov, Maxim
通讯作者：
Bazhenov, Maxim

Molecular features of odorants systematically influence slow temporal responses across clusters of coordinated antennal lobe units in the moth Manduca sexta.

气味剂的分子特征系统地影响天蛾天蛾（Manduca sexta）协调触角叶单元簇的缓慢时间反应。