How the short-term influence of drinking consequences shapes the development of expectancies: An event-level study

饮酒后果的短期影响如何影响预期的发展：一项事件级研究

• 批准号: 10748534
• 负责人: Megan Schultz
• 金额: $ 4.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10748534
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Back; Belief; Compensation; Complement; Complex; Development; Ecological momentary assessment; Evaluation; Event; Expectancy; Friendships; Future; Goals; Heavy Drinking; Individual; Intervention; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Manuscripts; Modeling; Nature; Negative Valence; Pacific Northwest; Participant; Perception; Performance; Persons; Positive Valence; Predisposition; Preparation; Prevention; Prevention Research; Process; Reporting; Research; Shapes; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Universities; Update; Variant; Work; alcohol consequences; alcohol expectancy; alcohol related consequences; design; drinking; drinking behavior; experience; prevent; rate of change; recruit; research data dissemination; response; social cognitive theory; symposium; theories; university student; unsafe driving; willingness; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT People experience more positive than negative consequences from drinking,1 but negative consequences often have the potential to have a larger impact on a person (e.g., romantic or friendship problems, poor academic performance, and unsafe driving).2,3 According to alcohol expectancy theory4 and social learning theory,5 the experience of consequences after drinking leads to the development or updating of expectancies (e.g., beliefs about what consequence will occur as a result of drinking).4 However, understanding an individual’s expectancy evaluations such as likelihoods and valences likely depend, at least in part, on how individuals perceive recently experienced consequences. Previous research has not consistently evaluated people’s evaluations of consequences,6–9 and if they do they only evaluate the consequence once either cross- sectionally or retrospectively the next day. This prevents us from gaining an understanding of how people view these consequences and how their views change with time. In addition to the changing consequence evaluations, research has typically aggregated across positive and negative expectancies6,8,10–13 which has prevented us from developing an understanding of how expectancy evaluations are altered following the experience of specific consequences and how these may change leading up to a drinking event. To address these gaps, the proposed F31 will use a complex ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design to assess consequence and expectancy evaluations over the short term to examine changes in people’s perceptions based on their experiences. Specific Aims include (1) test whether Fading Affect Bias (FAB) can be observed as changes in people’s evaluations of positive and negative drinking consequences following weekend drinking episodes over the course of a week and (2) test whether likelihoods change over the short term, to what extent these changes depend on prior experience of these consequences, whether FAB can be observed as changes in people’s valences of negative expectancies, and whether increases can be observed as changes in people’s valences of positive expectancies leading up to a drinking episode, and (3) test how the changes in consequence evaluations are associated with changes in likelihoods and valences over the short term. To complement these aims, the applicant will receive training in (1) alcohol expectancy theory and young adult alcohol consequences and expectancies, (2) design and implementation of longitudinal ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies, (3) quantitative analysis, and (4) research dissemination via manuscript preparation and conference presentations. Study findings will have important implications for future alcohol expectancies prevention research. Specifically, results can be used to inform individuals on a daily-level of when they may be susceptible to experiencing a greater number of negative consequences from drinking on a given occasion and prompt greater reflection of upcoming plans.

项目概要/摘要 人们因饮酒而经历的积极后果多于消极后果1，但消极后果 通常有可能对一个人产生更大的影响（例如，浪漫或友谊问题、贫穷 学习成绩和不安全驾驶）。2,3 根据酒精预期理论4 和社会学习 理论，5 饮酒后后果的体验导致期望的发展或更新 （例如，对于饮酒会产生什么后果的信念）。4 然而，了解 个人的期望评估，例如可能性和效价，可能至少部分取决于如何 先前的研究并未对个人对最近经历的后果进行一致的评估。 人们对后果的评估，6-9，如果他们这样做，他们只会评估一旦交叉的后果 这使我们无法了解人们的看法。 这些后果以及他们的观点如何随着时间的推移而变化。 评估中，研究通常汇总了积极和消极的期望 6,8,10–13 使我们无法了解预期评估是如何遵循 特定后果的经历以及这些后果如何变化导致饮酒事件。 对于这些差距，拟议的F31将使用复杂的生态瞬时评估（EMA）设计来评估 短期后果和预期评估，以考察人们看法的变化 根据他们的经验，具体目标包括 (1) 测试是否可以观察到衰落影响偏差 (FAB)。 随着周末饮酒后人们对饮酒的积极和消极后果的评价发生变化 一周内的事件，(2) 测试可能性在短期内是否发生变化，变化程度如何 这些变化取决于这些后果的先前经验，FAB是否可以被观察为变化 人们的负面期望效价，以及是否可以随着人们的变化而观察到负面期望的效价的增加 导致饮酒事件的积极期望的效价，以及（3）测试 后果评估与短期内可能性和效价的变化相关。 这些目标，申请人将接受（1）酒精补体预期理论和年轻人的培训 酒精后果和期望，（2）纵向生态瞬时设计与实施 评估（EMA）研究，（3）定量分析，以及（4）通过手稿传播研究 准备和会议报告将对未来的酒精产生重要影响。 具体来说，结果可用于告知个人日常水平。 当他们可能容易因饮酒而遭受更多负面后果时 在特定情况下，并促使对即将到来的计划进行更多反思。