Childhood Risk Factors and Young Adult Competence

童年危险因素和年轻人的能力

• 批准号: 9108385
• 负责人: Jennifer E Lansford
• 金额: $ 95.19万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9108385
• 关键词: 16 year old; 8 year old; Accidents; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Adolescent Risk Behavior; African; Age; Alcohol consumption; Attitude; Automobiles; Behavior; Behavioral Research; Belief; Biological; Biological Models; Biological Process; Child; Child Rearing; China; Chronic Disease; Colombia; Country; Development; Disease; Drug usage; European; Family; Fathers; Funding; Growth; Health; Hispanic Americans; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Interview; Italy; Jordan; Kenya; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Nature; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Philippines; Prevention; Process; Prospective Studies; Psychological Models; Puberty; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Rome; Sampling; Shapes; Socialization; Societies; Specificity; Sweden; Testing; Thailand; United States; Variant; Violence; adolescent health; age group; behavior influence; boys; brain research; computerized; critical period; cultural values; design; girls; information processing; mortality; prevent; psychologic; reward processing; sexual risk taking; social; substance use prevention; theories; therapy design

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competing continuation aims to understand how risk-taking develops across adolescence as a function of biological maturation (puberty and age) and socialization (parenting and culture). We have started the largest known prospective study of these processes by recruiting a sample of 1,417 8-year-olds and their mothers and fathers from 13 cultures (Jinan and Shanghai, China; Colombia; Naples and Rome, Italy; Jordan; Kenya; Philippines; Sweden; Thailand; and African, European, and Hispanic Americans in the United States). We have assessed families annually through interviews with mothers, fathers, and children about the parent-child relationship; the child's adjustment; attitudes and beliefs; and cultural values and are currently assessing self- regulation among the children, who are now age 10. During the next period, we will conduct interviews annually with mothers, fathers, and adolescents to assess their relationships and adolescents' risk-taking. We will also assess adolescents' reward-seeking, self-regulation, social information processing, and risk-taking via a computerized battery administered at ages 12, 14, and 16. Our first aim is to test hypotheses regarding the roles of biological maturation and socialization in the development of risk-taking. To the extent that changes in risk-taking during adolescence are biologically driven, one would expect to find comparable developmental trajectories of risk-taking across all cultures. In contrast, to the extent that changes are shaped by parenting and culture, we would expect to find variations in the development of risk-taking that are linked to specific features of parent-child relationships and cultural contexts. Our second aim is to understand psychological mechanisms through which biological maturation, parenting, and culture alter the development of risk-taking. We will test hypotheses that adolescents' reward-seeking, self-regulation, and acquired social information processing patterns mediate the impact of puberty, parenting, and culture on adolescents' risk-taking. Our third aim is to test the hypothesis that formativeness of parenting behaviors and culturally shaped opportunity for risk-taking moderate the relation between parenting and adolescents' risk-taking. We hypothesize that individual differences in adolescent behavior will be predicted by differences in parenting, but also that addictiveness of parenting depends on its cultural formativeness. In addition, we hypothesize that the relation between parenting and any particular form of adolescent risk-taking will be weaker in cultural contexts in which there are few opportunities to engage in that form of risk-taking. This study wil utilize the most culturally diverse and largest sample of young people and their parents ever assembled as an unprecedented opportunity to understand biological, parenting, and cultural processes in the development of adolescent risk-taking. It will inform theories of the nature of adolescent development and will shape interventions to prevent health-compromising and illegal risky behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：这种竞争性延续旨在了解如何在青春期发展，这是生物成熟（青春期和年龄）和社交化（育儿和文化）的函数。我们通过招募了1,417个8岁的孩子及其母亲和父亲的样本（中国的吉南和上海；哥伦比亚；哥伦比亚；纳普尔斯和罗马，意大利；纽约州；菲律宾；瑞典；瑞典；泰国和非洲人，美国，美国裔美国人，我们已经开始了最大的对这些过程的知名前瞻性研究。我们每年通过与母亲，父亲和孩子的亲戚关系对家庭进行评估。孩子的调整；态度和信念；和文化价值观，目前正在评估现在10岁的儿童中的自我调节。在下一个时期，我们每年将对母亲，父亲和青少年进行访谈，以评估他们的关系和青少年的冒险。我们还将评估青少年寻求奖励，自我调节，社会信息处理以及通过计算机电池的12、14和16岁的计算机电池进行冒险。我们的第一个目的是检验有关生物成熟和社交作用在风险发展中的作用的假设。在一定程度上，青春期的冒险变化是生物学驱动的，人们期望在所有文化中找到可比的冒险发展轨迹。相比之下，在育儿和文化塑造变化的范围内，我们希望发现冒险发展的变化，这些变化与特定特征有关 亲子关系和文化背景。我们的第二个目的是了解生物成熟，育儿和文化改变风险发展的心理机制。我们将检验假设，以使青少年寻求奖励，自我调节和获得的社会信息处理模式介导了青春期，育儿和文化对青少年冒险的影响。我们的第三个目的是检验以下假设：育儿行为的形式和具有文化塑造的机会，以减轻育儿与青少年冒险的关系之间的关系。我们假设青少年行为的个体差异将通过育儿的差异来预测，但育儿的成瘾性取决于其文化形式。此外，我们假设在文化背景下，育儿与任何特定形式的青少年冒险之间的关系将较弱，在文化背景下，很少有机会参与这种冒险形式。这项研究将利用最多样化和最大的年轻人及其父母的样本，作为一个前所未有的机会，可以在青少年冒险发展中了解生物学，育儿和文化过程。它将为理论提供青少年发展的性质，并塑造干预措施，以防止健康副业和非法危险行为。