Childhood Risk Factors and Young Adult Competence

童年危险因素和年轻人的能力

基本信息

批准号：
9108385
负责人：
Jennifer E Lansford
金额：
$ 95.19万
依托单位：
DUKE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-30 至 2017-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9108385
关键词：
16 year old 8 year old Accidents Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Behavior Adolescent Development Adolescent Risk Behavior African Age Alcohol consumption Attitude Automobiles Behavior Behavioral Research Belief Biological Biological Models Biological Process Child Child Rearing China Chronic Disease Colombia Country Development Disease Drug usage European Family Fathers Funding Growth Health Hispanic Americans Individual Individual Differences Informal Social Control Intervention Interview Italy Jordan Kenya Link Longitudinal Studies Measures Mediating Morbidity - disease rate Mothers Nature Parent-Child Relations Parents Pattern Personal Satisfaction Phase Philippines Prevention Process Prospective Studies Psychological Models Puberty Recruitment Activity Research Research Personnel Rewards Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Role Rome Sampling Shapes Socialization Societies Specificity Sweden Testing Thailand United States Variant Violence adolescent health age group behavior influence boys brain research computerized critical period cultural values design girls information processing mortality prevent psychologic reward processing sexual risk taking social substance use prevention theories therapy design

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competing continuation aims to understand how risk-taking develops across adolescence as a function of biological maturation (puberty and age) and socialization (parenting and culture). We have started the largest known prospective study of these processes by recruiting a sample of 1,417 8-year-olds and their mothers and fathers from 13 cultures (Jinan and Shanghai, China; Colombia; Naples and Rome, Italy; Jordan; Kenya; Philippines; Sweden; Thailand; and African, European, and Hispanic Americans in the United States). We have assessed families annually through interviews with mothers, fathers, and children about the parent-child relationship; the child's adjustment; attitudes and beliefs; and cultural values and are currently assessing self- regulation among the children, who are now age 10. During the next period, we will conduct interviews annually with mothers, fathers, and adolescents to assess their relationships and adolescents' risk-taking. We will also assess adolescents' reward-seeking, self-regulation, social information processing, and risk-taking via a computerized battery administered at ages 12, 14, and 16. Our first aim is to test hypotheses regarding the roles of biological maturation and socialization in the development of risk-taking. To the extent that changes in risk-taking during adolescence are biologically driven, one would expect to find comparable developmental trajectories of risk-taking across all cultures. In contrast, to the extent that changes are shaped by parenting and culture, we would expect to find variations in the development of risk-taking that are linked to specific features of parent-child relationships and cultural contexts. Our second aim is to understand psychological mechanisms through which biological maturation, parenting, and culture alter the development of risk-taking. We will test hypotheses that adolescents' reward-seeking, self-regulation, and acquired social information processing patterns mediate the impact of puberty, parenting, and culture on adolescents' risk-taking. Our third aim is to test the hypothesis that formativeness of parenting behaviors and culturally shaped opportunity for risk-taking moderate the relation between parenting and adolescents' risk-taking. We hypothesize that individual differences in adolescent behavior will be predicted by differences in parenting, but also that addictiveness of parenting depends on its cultural formativeness. In addition, we hypothesize that the relation between parenting and any particular form of adolescent risk-taking will be weaker in cultural contexts in which there are few opportunities to engage in that form of risk-taking. This study wil utilize the most culturally diverse and largest sample of young people and their parents ever assembled as an unprecedented opportunity to understand biological, parenting, and cultural processes in the development of adolescent risk-taking. It will inform theories of the nature of adolescent development and will shape interventions to prevent health-compromising and illegal risky behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：这一竞争性的延续旨在了解青春期冒险行为如何随着生物成熟（青春期和年龄）和社会化（养育和文化）而发展。我们已经开始对这些过程进行已知最大规模的前瞻性研究，招募了来自 13 个文化背景（中国济南和上海、哥伦比亚、意大利那不勒斯和罗马、约旦、肯尼亚、菲律宾）的 1,417 名 8 岁儿童及其父母。；瑞典；泰国；以及美国的非洲裔、欧洲裔和西班牙裔美国人）。我们每年都会通过对母亲、父亲和孩子的访谈来评估家庭的亲子关系；孩子的调整；态度和信念；和文化价值观，目前正在评估这些 10 岁儿童的自我调节能力。在接下来的一段时间内，我们将每年对母亲、父亲和青少年进行访谈，以评估他们的关系和青少年的冒险行为。我们还将通过在 12、14 和 16 岁时使用的计算机化电池来评估青少年的奖励寻求、自我调节、社会信息处理和冒险行为。我们的第一个目标是检验有关生物成熟和成长的作用的假设。风险承担能力发展中的社会化。从某种程度上来说，青春期冒险行为的变化是由生物学驱动的，人们期望在所有文化中找到类似的冒险行为发展轨迹。相比之下，如果变化是由养育和文化塑造的，我们预计会发现冒险发展的变化，这些变化与孩子的具体特征相关。亲子关系和文化背景。我们的第二个目标是了解生物成熟、养育和文化改变冒险发展的心理机制。我们将检验以下假设：青少年的奖励寻求、自我调节和后天获得的社会信息处理模式会调节青春期、养育方式和文化对青少年冒险行为的影响。我们的第三个目标是检验以下假设：养育行为的形成性和文化塑造的冒险机会调节养育方式与青少年冒险之间的关系。我们假设青少年行为的个体差异可以通过养育方式的差异来预测，而且养育方式的成瘾性也取决于其文化形成性。此外，我们假设，在几乎没有机会参与某种形式的冒险的文化背景下，养育方式与任何特定形式的青少年冒险之间的关系将会较弱。这项研究将利用有史以来文化最多元化、规模最大的年轻人及其父母样本，为了解青少年冒险行为发展的生物学、养育和文化过程提供前所未有的机会。它将为有关青少年发展本质的理论提供信息，并将制定干预措施以防止危害健康和非法危险行为。