UIC Epicenter for Prevention of Healthcare Associated Infections

UIC 预防医疗保健相关感染的震中

• 批准号: 9074692
• 负责人: Rachael Mary Jones
• 金额: $ 220万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2018-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9074692
• 关键词: UIC; Epicenter; Prevention; Healthcare; Associated

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The burden of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) in the United States has decreased owing to evidence- based changes in practice. Preparations for introduction of Ebola Virus Disease to the U.S., however, strained the capacity of healthcare organizations, and two HAIs among healthcare workers (HCWs) showed that preparations were not fully effective. Evidence-based guidance is required for the selection and implementation of infection control and prevention precautions in anticipation of emerging and severe infectious diseases. The goal of the UIC Epicenter for Prevention of Healthcare Associated Infections is to perform basic and early translational research that will facilitate HAI prevention among patients and HCWs in the context of severe and emerging infectious diseases. Infectious patients emit pathogens into the environment, which are then transported through the environment to tissues on a susceptible person where infection may occur. Emission processes and environmental contamination, therefore, are key determinants of HAI risk through multiple routes of exposure, but the magnitude of pathogen emission and environmental load is poorly characterized. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn by HCWs to prevent pathogens from reaching tissues where infection may occur, but there is limited knowledge about what fraction of pathogens in the environment break-through the equipment. These represent key gaps in fundamental knowledge about HAI risk that will be addressed through the activities of the UIC Epicenter. Specifically, studies will be performed in laboratory settings with simulated healthcare activities and in healthcare settings to identify the magnitude and determinants of environmental contamination, and quantitatively test the effectiveness of different combinations of PPE. Potential combinations of PPE will be identified for testing through an inventory and broadly scoped evaluation of PPE used in healthcare and industrial settings. This information will facilitate the identification of non-PPE infection contrl and prevention interventions, meet information needs of healthcare organizations selecting PPE, and facilitate quantitative assessment of HAI risk among HCWs and patients. Informed by our findings, we will propose and conduct pilot-scale evaluation of new training content and delivery methods that will improve the preparedness of HCWs and healthcare organizations for severe and emerging infectious diseases. The outcome of this work will be generalizable knowledge and methods that can be used by healthcare organizations, government agencies and public health researchers to efficiently and systematically plan to prevent HAIs.

 描述（由适用提供）：美国医疗保健相关感染（HAI）的伯恩因实践的基于证据的变化而恶化。但是，向美国引入埃博拉病毒疾病的准备工作使医疗组织的能力紧张，医疗保健工人中有两名HAI（HCWS）表明，准备工作并不完全有效。对于预期新兴和严重的传染病，需要进行基于证据的指导才能选择和实施感染控制和预防预防措施。 UIC震中预防医疗保健相关感染的目标是进行基本和早期翻译的研究，这将有助于HAI 在严重和新兴感染的背景下，患者和HCW的预防。感染性患者将病原体发射到环境中，然后将其通过环境运输到可能发生感染的易感人群的组织。因此，发射过程和环境污染是通过多种暴露途径对HAI风险的关键决定者，但是病原体发射和环境负荷的幅度却很差。 HCW佩戴个人保护设备（PPE），以防止病原体进入可能发生感染的组织，但是关于环境中哪些病原体损坏的知识有限。这些代表了有关HAI风险的基本知识的关键差距，这将通过UIC震中的活动来解决。具体而言，研究将在实验室环境中进行模拟医疗活动和医疗机构进行，以确定该研究 大小和确定环境污染，并定量测试PPE不同组合的有效性。通过库存和对医疗保健和工业环境中使用的PPE的广泛评估，将确定PPE的潜在组合用于测试。这些信息将促进鉴定非PPE感染控制和预防干预措施，满足选择PPE的医疗保健组织的信息需求，并促进对HCW和患者中HAI风险的定量评估。在我们的发现中，我们将对新的培训内容和交付方法进行试点评估，以改善HCWS和医疗保健组织为严重和新兴感染的准备。这项工作的结果将是可普遍的知识和方法，医疗保健组织，政府机构和公共卫生研究人员可以使用，以有效，系统地计划预防HAIS。