Photon-Counting Spectral CT to Reduce Dose and Detect Early Vascular Disease

光子计数能谱 CT 可减少剂量并检测早期血管疾病

基本信息

批准号：
9133377
负责人：
Cynthia H McCollough
金额：
$ 112.5万
依托单位：
MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-30 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9133377
关键词：
Adoption Affect Algorithms Arterial Fatty Streak Arteries Arteriogram Atherosclerosis Biomedical Engineering Blood Vessels Cadaver Calcium Cardiac Cardiovascular system Clinic Clinical Collaborations Contrast Media Data Development Discrimination Disease Dose Early Diagnosis Electronics Engineering Family suidae Fibrosis Goals Health Healthcare Heart Human Image Imaging technology Individual Iodine Iron Knowledge Lipids Location Low Dose Radiation Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Methods Myocardial Infarction Noise Patients Photons Physicians Process Radiation Radioisotopes Radionuclide Imaging Radionuclide-Computed Tomography Research Resolution Ruptured Aneurysm Scanning Scientist Sensitivity and Specificity Specimen Staging Stenosis Stroke System Techniques Technology Thrombosis Tomography, Computed, Scanners Vascular Diseases Width X-Ray Computed Tomography base calcification clinical application density design detector effective therapy experience imaging modality improved industry partner innovation neovascularization non-invasive imaging photon-counting detector prototype quantum reconstruction spectral energy spectrograph statistics success temporal measurement vasa vasorum

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our long-term objective is to non-invasively detect atherosclerosis in its earliest stages, before symptomatic consequences occur, as well as to optimize spectral CT for ultimate clinical use. The goal of this proposal is to use photon-counting-detector-based spectral CT to provide the required spatial resolution and material discrimination sensitivity at much lower radiation doses than would be possible using integrating-detector- based conventional CT. The significance of achieving this goal is that effective treatment of the pathological mechanism(s) affecting the vascular wall, prior to irreversible consequences such as myocardial infarction or stroke, would be considerably more effective, and less expensive, at both the individual and societal levels. Further, our proposed studies will provide knowledge essential for reducing the radiation doses required in routine CT imaging and for other applications of spectral CT that require increased sensitivity for material discrimination . The innovation of this project lies in the use of a photon-counting-detector-based whole-body CT scanner to develop and validate the needed acquisition, reconstruction, and processing techniques. The rationale for using spectral CT is that it offers improved spatio-temporal resolution over other non-invasive methods, such as 3D MRI and radionuclide imaging, is less affected by partial volume averaging than conventional CT, and is capable of discriminating and quantifying the concentration of all relevant plaque components. Also, the effects of electronic noise on spectral CT using photon-counting detectors are negligible. This is important because breaking the x-ray spectrum into the small energy bins needed for improved material discrimination sensitivity drastically reduces the photon counts per bin. Further, noise reduction methods that exploit energy domain correlations can be used to increase the sensitivity to low concentrations of materials. Thus, increased radiation exposures will not be required. Use of narrow spectral energy bins also greatly reduces the local beam hardening effects due to arterial wall calcification and/or intraluminal contrast. The specific aims that wil enable us to achieve our goal are: AIM 1 - Develop optimized acquisition, reconstruction and processing techniques for whole-body spectral CT with photon-counting detector technology. We will fully characterize the spectral CT system; determine the optimal number, width and location of energy bins; implement and evaluate noise reduction algorithms and algorithms to discriminate and quantify the concentration of co-localized plaque components; and determine system accuracy and evaluate the impact of partial volume averaging. AIM 2 - Determine the sensitivity and specificity of whole-body spectral CT for the identification of atherosclerotic plaque components in human cadavers. AIM 3 - In anesthetized pigs, quantify neovascularization in major arterial walls, as an early indicator of atherosclerotic plaque formation, using iodine-based contrast agents.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的长期目标是在出现症状后果之前，在最早阶段以非侵入性方式检测动脉粥样硬化，并优化能谱 CT 以供最终临床使用。该提案的目标是使用基于光子计数探测器的光谱 CT，以比使用基于积分探测器的传统 CT 低得多的辐射剂量提供所需的空间分辨率和材料辨别灵敏度。实现这一目标的意义在于，在出现心肌梗塞或中风等不可逆后果之前，对影响血管壁的病理机制进行有效治疗，无论是在个人还是社会层面上都将更加有效且成本更低。此外，我们提出的研究将为减少常规 CT 成像所需的辐射剂量以及需要提高材料辨别灵敏度的能谱 CT 的其他应用提供必要的知识。该项目的创新之处在于使用基于光子计数探测器的全身 CT 扫描仪，用于开发和验证所需的采集、重建和处理技术。使用能谱 CT 的理由是，它比其他非侵入性方法（例如 3D MRI 和放射性核素成像）提供更高的时空分辨率，比传统 CT 受部分体积平均的影响更小，并且能够区分和量化浓度所有相关的斑块成分。此外，电子噪声对使用光子计数探测器的光谱 CT 的影响可以忽略不计。这很重要，因为将 X 射线光谱分解为提高材料辨别灵敏度所需的小能量仓，会大大减少每个仓的光子计数。此外，利用能量域相关性的降噪方法可用于提高对低浓度材料的灵敏度。因此，不需要增加辐射暴露。使用窄光谱能量仓还大大减少了由于动脉壁钙化和/或管腔内对比度造成的局部射束硬化效应。使我们能够实现目标的具体目标是：目标 1 - 使用光子计数探测器技术开发全身能谱 CT 的优化采集、重建和处理技术。我们将全面表征能谱CT系统；确定能量箱的最佳数量、宽度和位置；实施和评估降噪算法和算法以区分和量化共定位斑块成分的浓度；确定系统精度并评估部分体积平均的影响。目标 2 - 确定全身能谱 CT 识别人体尸体中动脉粥样硬化斑块成分的敏感性和特异性。目标 3 - 在麻醉猪中，使用碘造影剂量化主要动脉壁中的新血管形成，作为动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的早期指标。