Learning to see again: biological constraints on cortical plasticity and the implications for sight restoration technologies

学习再次看见：皮质可塑性的生物学限制及其对视力恢复技术的影响

• 批准号: 10615665
• 负责人: GEOFFREY M BOYNTON
• 金额: $ 38.23万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10615665
• 关键词: Accommodation phosphene; Adult; Animal Model; Architecture; Axon; Biological; Brain; Cells; Clinical Trials; Code; Compensation; Computer Models; Data; Development; Device Designs; Devices; Electrodes; Electronics; Eye; Eye Movements; Fruit; Gene therapy trial; Goals; Human; Implant; Individual; Kinetics; Learning; Leber' s amaurosis; Light; Manufacturer; Modeling; Motion; Neurons; Ocular Dominance; Ocular Prosthesis; Ocular dominance columns; Optic Nerve; Participant; Patients; Perceptual learning; Physiological; Play; Population; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Route; Surface; Technology; Testing; Thinking; Training; Video Games; Vision; Visual; Visual Perception; Visually Impaired Persons; Work; design; experience; fovea centralis; ganglion cell; gene therapy; human data; infancy; insight; neural; neurophysiology; novel; optogenetics; receptive field; response; retina implantation; retinal stimulation; sight restoration; spatiotemporal; virtual patient

ABSTRACT The field of sight restoration has made dramatic progress over the last decade. Two types of retinal implants have been commercially approved, and several other designs are in development worldwide. In addition, two groups are actively implanting and developing cortical electronic implants. The first optogenetic clinical trial has begun, with many others likely in the next two years. Within a decade, many blind individuals are likely to be offered a wide range of options for sight restoration that depend on widely different technologies. Interactions between implant electronics and the underlying neurophysiology of the retina or cortex mean that the vision provided by most of these technologies will differ substantially from normal sight. The question of this proposal is – What role can cortical plasticity play in helping patients make use of this artificial visual input? Over the past 15 years our research group has been generating computational models, developed using a combination of physiological and psychophysical data, which can predict the percepts that patients might experience for a variety of sight recovery technologies. We propose to use these models to simulate, within visually normal participants, four critical neurophysiological distortions inherent in sight restoration technologies: Aim 1. Abnormal neuronal population responses during retinal stimulation: Simultaneous stimulation of on and off cells. Aim 2. Spatial distortions: Stimulation of retinal ganglion cell axons. Aim 3. Abnormal cortical neuronal population responses: Distortions induced by the V1 neural architecture. Aim 4. Temporal blurring due to slow optogenetic kinetics. Our goal is to use normally sighted participants, viewing distorted visual input, as ‘virtual patients’ to learn which spatiotemporal distortions can be compensated for by plasticity, and which must be compensated for in device design. This will provide device manufacturers with a more nuanced understanding of the abilities and limits of visual perceptual adaptability. Finally, this work will provide novel insights regarding the fundamental mechanisms of cortical plasticity by asking whether, in adulthood, it is possible to reconfigure the fundamental building blocks of visual perception?

抽象的 在过去的十年里，视力恢复取得了巨大的进步。 视网膜植入物已获得商业批准，其他几种设计正在开发中 此外，在全球范围内，有两个小组正在积极植入和开发皮质电子。 第一个光遗传学临床试验已经开始，接下来的两个试验可能会进行。 十年之内，许多盲人可能会获得广泛的选择。 视力恢复取决于广泛不同的技术。 植入电子设备与视网膜或基础神经生理学之间的相互作用 皮质意味着大多数这些技术提供的愿景将与 该提案的问题是——皮质可塑性在帮助正常视力方面可以发挥什么作用。 患者利用这种人工视觉输入吗？ 在过去 15 年里，我们的研究小组一直在生成计算模型，开发 使用生理和心理物理数据的组合，可以预测感知 我们建议患者使用各种视力恢复技术。 这些模型在视觉正常的参与者中模拟四个关键的神经生理学 视力恢复技术固有的扭曲： 目标 1. 视网膜刺激期间的异常神经群体反应：同时刺激 打开和关闭单元格。 目标 2. 空间扭曲：刺激视网膜神经节细胞轴突。 目标 3. 异常的皮质神经群体反应：V1 神经引起的扭曲 建筑学。 目标 4. 由于缓慢的光遗传学动力学导致的时间模糊。 我们的目标是使用视力正常的参与者，将扭曲的视觉输入视为“虚拟” 患者了解哪些时空扭曲可以通过可塑性来补偿，以及 这必须在设备设计中进行补偿，这将为设备制造商提供一个解决方案。 对视觉感知适应性的能力和限制有更细致的理解。 最后，这项工作将为皮质的基本机制提供新的见解。 通过询问在成年后是否可以重新配置基本构建模块来了解可塑性 视觉感知？