Memory Formation in Motor Cortex

运动皮层的记忆形成

• 批准号: 10607176
• 负责人: Aaron Paul Batista
• 金额: $ 58.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10607176
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Animals; Appearance; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Collaborations; Competence; Complement; Computers; Couples; Devices; Goals; Individual; Learning; Libraries; Life; Link; Macaca mulatta; Memory; Memory Loss; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Movement; Neurons; Paralysed; Pattern; Performance; Population; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Project Grants; Role; Savings; Sensory; Shapes; Specific qualifier value; Stroke; System; Therapeutic; Time; Work; arm movement; brain computer interface; clinically relevant; dexterity; experience; experimental study; flexibility; improved; insight; interest; learned behavior; motor control; motor learning; neural patterning; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; restoration; skills; stroke recovery; theories; tool

Project Summary: Memory Formation in Motor Cortex Memories both impart identity and provide competence in our daily activities. Our motor memories are crucial for interacting with the world around us: The loss of dexterity can be a particularly debilitating consequence of stroke. Despite their importance, we still know very little about how the brain forms and stores the memories of our motor abilities. This research project endeavors to understand the role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in the inception and retention of motor memories. Since it is the organized activity of populations of neurons that control our movements, we seek signatures of memories in how neural populations change their activity after a learning experience. We adopt a powerful tool for studying learning in the motor cortex – brain computer interfaces (BCIs). In a BCI, the user generates patterns of neural activity which drive the movement of an external device, such as a cursor on a computer screen. Decades of prior research have demonstrated the validity of BCIs as a tool to study learning in the motor system, and here we leverage that prior research to study motor memories. Our three Specific Aims address different aspects of motor memories: First, we examine the link between signatures of a memory in M1 population activity and improved behavioral performance following learning. Second, we examine how learning something new is influenced by the memory of a previous learning experience, and conversely, how new learning can impact the neural encoding of an existing motor memory. Third, we examine the consolidation of motor memories, to see what changes in the days after a learning experience. Our BCI paradigm offers powerful advantages for exploring these questions. This is because a BCI directly couples neural population activity to a behavior. This direct causal relationship makes it possible to see the appearance of a motor memory that is specific to and appropriate for the behavior that has been learned, and to track it over time. Also, because we use BCI systems in our basic-science studies, our findings have direct clinical relevance for the ongoing effort to improve BCIs so that they can restore dexterous and flexible motor control to individuals with paralysis.

项目摘要：运动皮层的记忆形成 记忆既赋予我们身份，又为我们的日常活动提供能力。 对于与我们周围的世界互动至关重要：失去灵活性可能会导致特别的衰弱 尽管中风的后果很重要，但我们对大脑的形成和形成仍然知之甚少。 该研究项目致力于了解我们运动能力的记忆。 初级运动皮层（M1）负责运动记忆的产生和保留，因为它是有组织的。 控制我们运动的神经元群的活动，我们寻找记忆的特征 神经群体在学习经历后会改变他们的活动，我们采用了一个强大的工具。 研究运动皮层的学习——脑机接口 (BCI) 在 BCI 中，用户生成。 驱动外部设备运动的神经活动模式，例如屏幕上的光标 数十年的先前研究已经证明了脑机接口作为学习工具的有效性。 运动系统中的学习，在这里我们利用之前的研究来研究我们的运动记忆。 三个具体目标涉及运动记忆的不同方面：首先，我们检查之间的联系 M1 群体活动中的记忆特征和行为表现的改善 其次，我们研究学习新事物是如何受到先前记忆的影响的。 学习经验，以及相反，新的学习如何影响现有的神经编码 第三，我们检查运动记忆的巩固，看看有什么变化。 学习经历几天后，我们的 BCI 范式为探索这些提供了强大的优势。 这是因为脑机接口直接将神经群体活动与行为联系起来。 因果关系使得我们可以看到特定于和的运动记忆的出现 适合已学到的行为，并随着时间的推移对其进行跟踪，因为我们使用 BCI。 在我们的基础科学研究系统中，我们的发现与正在进行的努力具有直接的临床相关性 改进脑机接口，使瘫痪患者恢复灵巧灵活的运动控制。