The impact of a biomimetic nipple on infant performance during breast and bottle feeding

仿生奶嘴对母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养期间婴儿表现的影响

• 批准号: 10598856
• 负责人: Rebecca Z German
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-23 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10598856
• 关键词: Abdominal colic; Address; Anatomy; Animal Model; Biomechanics; Biomimetics; Bottle feeding; Breast; Breast Feeding; Breastfed infant; Cattle; Child; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Discipline of Nursing; Duct (organ) structure; Ensure; Exclusive Breastfeeding; Exhibits; Exposure to; Family suidae; Food; Foundations; Functional disorder; Future; Generations; Gland; Goals; Goat; Health; Human; Incidence; Infant; Lead; Maternal Health; Measures; Mechanics; Milk; Modality; Mothers; Muscle; Muscle function; Nipples; Oral cavity; Outcome; Oxygen; Pattern; Performance; Periodicity; Physiology; Population; Premature Infant; Property; Publishing; Research; Resort; Series; Shapes; Speech; Stress; Suction; System; Testing; Tongue; Validation; Variant; Work; base; design; evidence base; experience; feeding; improved; infancy; infant outcome; innovation; kinematics; maternal stress; neurophysiology; postpartum health; pressure; skills; sucking; suckling

There are hundreds of varieties of commercially available bottles, yet all of them are designed as a cistern filled with milk, without a system of ducts, emptying directly into the mouth from the nipple. This system is found in cows, but the human breast is comprised of a series of ducts that release milk from multiple glands within the breast. Because of this, the mechanics of breast and bottle feeding differ, and infants often struggle when being introduced to the breast, or conversely, refuse a bottle after exclusive breastfeeding. The ultimate goal of this work is to test and validate a bottle-nipple system in an animal model that matches the physiology and performance of breastfeeding infants better than currently available options. The central hypothesis is that the design of a bottle nipple system that is lactiferous, as is true for humans and our animal model, pigs, rather than cisternic, as is found in cows, will more closely match the infant neurophysiology during breastfeeding than current bottle designs. We will use an accepted and extensively published animal model for infant feeding, pigs, to test this hypothesis by comparing feeding physiology and performance between breastfeeding with bottle feeding on cisternic and ducted nipples. These results will provide a foundation for the implementation of biomimetic bottle designs that will enable successful and optimal sucking and swallowing biomechanics for bottle fed infants. This will be accomplished through two specific aims: (SA1) In three feeding modalities, breastfeeding, commercial bottle/nipple, and biomimetic nipple, characterize the neuromotor pattern and muscle activity during suckling and swallowing using fine wire bipolar EMG in healthy infant pigs; (SA2) For the same three modalities, establish the biomechanical mechanism that infant pigs use to generate intraoral pressure during sucking and swallowing. Both artificial nipples will be the same shape, stiffness, and have the same flow rates, to ensure that the only difference in design that would lead to differences in performance lies in the presence or absence of a duct. The significance of this project lies in the potential to decrease problems associated with introducing bottles or breasts to infants through the design of a biomimetic nipple, and provide infants fed on bottles with the same biomechanical benefits as those fed on the breast. The innovation of this project is the analysis and validation of a biomimetic feeding system based on maternal breast anatomy and its interaction with infant feeding physiology. These results will improve feeding outcomes for infants which currently must be fed on bottles due to various maternal and infant pathophysiologies and take a step towards the optimal design of a bottle/nipple system to enhance infant feeding.

市售瓶子有数百种，但它们都被设计为 充满牛奶的水箱，没有导管系统，直接从乳头排空到嘴里。 这个系统存在于奶牛身上，但人类的乳房由一系列释放乳汁的导管组成 来自乳房内的多个腺体。因此，母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养的机制 不同的是，婴儿在接受母乳喂养时常常会遇到困难，或者相反，在接受母乳喂养后拒绝奶瓶 纯母乳喂养。这项工作的最终目标是测试和验证奶瓶奶嘴系统 与母乳喂养婴儿的生理和表现更匹配的动物模型 当前可用的选项。中心假设是奶嘴系统的设计 乳汁性的，就像人类和我们的动物模型猪一样，而不是乳汁性的，就像牛那样， 与目前的奶瓶设计相比，它将更符合母乳喂养期间婴儿的神经生理学。 我们将使用一种公认的、广泛发表的婴儿喂养动物模型——猪来测试这一点 通过比较母乳喂养与奶瓶喂养之间的喂养生理学和表现得出的假设 以脑池和导管乳头为食。这些结果将为实施提供基础 仿生瓶子设计将实现成功和最佳的吸吮和吞咽 奶瓶喂养婴儿的生物力学。这将通过两个具体目标来实现： (SA1) 在三个方面 喂养方式、母乳喂养、商用奶瓶/奶嘴和仿生奶嘴，描述了 使用细线双极肌电图观察哺乳和吞咽过程中的神经运动模式和肌肉活动 健康的仔猪； (SA2) 对于相同的三种模式，建立生物力学机制 小猪在吸吮和吞咽过程中会产生口腔内压力。两个人工乳头都会 具有相同的形状、刚度和相同的流量，以确保设计上的唯一差异 会导致性能差异的因素在于是否存在管道。意义 该项目的重点在于有可能减少与引入奶瓶或乳房有关的问题 通过仿生奶嘴的设计，为使用奶瓶喂养的婴儿提供相同的奶嘴 具有与母乳喂养相同的生物力学益处。本项目的创新点在于分析和 基于母亲乳房解剖学的仿生喂养系统的验证及其与 婴儿喂养生理学。这些结果将改善目前必须的婴儿喂养结果 由于各种母婴病理生理原因而需要用奶瓶喂养，并朝着 奶瓶/奶嘴系统的优化设计可增强婴儿喂养效果。