Solving Opportunities for Spillover (SOS): Frequency and Mechanisms of Cross-species Transmission of Henipaviruses in Bangladesh

解决溢出机会 (SOS)：孟加拉国亨尼帕病毒跨物种传播的频率和机制

• 批准号: 10587319
• 负责人: Emily Suzanne Gurley
• 金额: $ 69.11万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-03 至 2027-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10587319
• 关键词: Animals; Anthropology; Antibodies; Area; Australia; Bangladesh; Biological Assay; Bite; Canis familiaris; Cattle; Characteristics; Child; Chiroptera; Consumption; Coronavirus; Country; Data; Detection; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Animals; Ecology; Epidemiology; Equus caballus; Exclusion; Exposure to; Family Pteropodidae; Family suidae; Felis catus; Frequencies; Fruit; Genus Pteropus; Goat; Health; Hendra Virus; Henipavirus; Henipavirus Infections; Human; Immunology; Infection; Infection prevention; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Malaysia; Neurologic; Nipah Virus; Pathway interactions; Persons; Philippines; Phoenix dactylifera; Population Surveillance; Prevention strategy; Prospective Studies; Public Health; RNA Viruses; Reporting; Risk; Route; Sampling; Serology; Singapore; Site; Statistical Models; Suggestion; Surveillance Program; System; Systematic Bias; Trees; United States National Institutes of Health; Update; Vaccines; Variant; Virus; bat-borne; cross-species transmission; epidemiology study; meteorological data; multidisciplinary; pandemic disease; pandemic potential; prevent; programs; prospective; reproductive; respiratory; scale up; serosurvey; transmission process; weather patterns

Abstract Until and unless we better understand and prevent spillovers of bat-borne viruses into intermediate hosts and humans, we will be severely limited in our ability to stop pandemics. Henipaviruses are bat-borne, RNA viruses that spillover through this route. Nearly half of all reported human henipavirus infections have been associated with contact with sick domesticated animals, though our understanding of drivers of henipavirus spillovers and specific transmission pathways remains severely limited. Building on preliminary data about bat, domesticated animal and human infections, this multidisciplinary study integrates epidemiology, ecology, and anthropology to identify spillover pathways for henipaviruses into domesticated animals in Bangladesh and the risk they pose to human health. Our first aim is to identify drivers of henipavirus spillovers into domesticated animals in Faridpur, Bangladesh. We will use multiplex pan-henipavirus assays to identify infections in Pteropus medius bats and domesticated animals living nearby this roost through cross-sectional and prospective studies. Combined with intensive studies of bat-domesticated animal interactions and weather data, we will build statistical models to identify the relative contribution of each of these factors. Our second aim is to describe which henipaviruses are being transmitted from bats to domesticated animals. Serologic studies of animals in Bangladesh show that they are frequently infected with non-Nipah henipaviruses. Through surveillance for and sampling of sick domesticated animals, we will describe the specific viruses that spillover from bats in Faridpur. Our third aim is to determine the risk of henipavirus transmission from domesticated animals to humans. We hypothesize that undetected henipavirus spillovers in humans are occurring through contact with sick domesticated animals and will conduct cross-sectional and prospective serosurveys of humans who have close contact with sick animals in Faridpur. We remain ignorant about henipavirus spillovers through intermediate hosts – including the specific viruses spilling over, the frequency and distribution of spillovers, and the pathways of transmission – at our own peril. The knowledge gained from this study will be immediately applicable to human and animal health programs in Bangladesh and other countries where henipaviruses circulate in bats. By learning about which henipaviruses infect humans, and how they are infected, we can advise public health surveillance programs on how to optimize detection and epidemiologic investigation of cases across Bangladesh. Our investigations about spillovers in Faridpur can also be scaled- up to other areas of Bangladesh and countries where henipaviruses circulate in bats so that we can truly begin to appreciate the scale of henipavirus spillovers in the global landscape.

抽象的 直到并且除非我们更好地了解和防止蝙蝠传播的病毒扩散到中间宿主 和人类一样，我们阻止流行病的能力将受到严重限制。亨尼帕病毒是蝙蝠传播的 RNA。 通过这种途径传播的病毒占所有报告的人类亨尼帕病毒感染的一半。 尽管我们对亨尼帕病毒驱动因素的了解与接触患病的家养动物有关 溢出效应和具体传播途径仍然受到严重限制。 蝙蝠、家养动物和人类感染，这项多学科研究整合了流行病学、生态学、 和人类学，以确定亨尼帕病毒传播到孟加拉国和家养动物的途径 我们的首要目标是确定亨尼帕病毒溢出的驱动因素。 我们将使用多重泛亨尼帕病毒检测来识别孟加拉国法里德布尔的家养动物。 通过横断面观察，该栖息地附近的翼蝠和家养动物的感染情况 结合对蝙蝠驯化动物相互作用和天气的深入研究。 数据，我们将建立统计模型来确定每个因素的相对贡献我们的第二个目标。 是描述哪些亨尼帕病毒从蝙蝠传播到家养动物的血清学。 对孟加拉国动物的研究表明，它们经常感染非尼帕亨尼帕病毒。 对患病家养动物进行监测和采样，我们将描述溢出的具体病毒 我们的第三个目标是确定驯养的蝙蝠传播亨尼帕病毒的风险。 我们追踪到，未检测到的亨尼帕病毒在人类中的溢出正在发生。 接触患病的家养动物，并对人类进行横断面和前瞻性血清调查 我们仍然对亨尼帕病毒溢出一无所知。 通过中间宿主——包括溢出的具体病毒、传播的频率和分布 溢出效应和传播途径——我们将从这项研究中获得的知识承担风险。 立即适用于孟加拉国和其他国家的人类和动物健康计划 通过了解哪些亨尼帕病毒会感染人类以及它们是如何被感染的， 我们可以就如何优化检测和流行病学为公共卫生监测计划提供建议 我们对法里德普尔的溢出效应的调查也可以扩大规模—— 到孟加拉国的其他地区和在蝙蝠中消灭了亨尼帕病毒的国家，以便我们能够真正开始 了解亨尼帕病毒在全球范围内蔓延的规模。