The Role of Place on the Co-occurrence of ATOD Use and Violence Among Youth

地点对青少年 ATOD 使用和暴力同时发生的作用

• 批准号: 8986783
• 负责人: Sarah A Stoddard
• 金额: $ 14.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8986783
• 关键词: ATOD; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Age; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Award; Behavior; Censuses; Characteristics; Clinic; Collaborations; Communities; County; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Drug usage; Ensure; Ethics; Evaluation; Funding; Future; Goals; Growth; Health; Homicide; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Studies; K-Series Research Career Programs; Knowledge; Lead; Letters; Life; Location; Measures; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Mind; Monitor; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neighborhoods; Nurse Practitioners; Play; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Primary Prevention; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Resources; Review Literature; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Sampling; Schools; Scientist; Security; Social Environment; Space Perception; Students; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Translating; Violence; Vision; Vulnerable Populations; Youth; adolescent drug use; adolescent substance use; base; career; community partnership; contextual factors; design; experience; health disparity; innovation; interest; meetings; multilevel analysis; prevent; prevent ATOD use; programs; sixth grade; skills; social disparities; spatial relationship; stem; therapy design; therapy development; youth violence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Proposed is a Mentored Scientist Career Development Award (K01) that provides me the training and research experience necessary to develop an innovative research program focused on ATOD use and violent/aggressive behavior among youth. My research and professional career have focused on vulnerable populations of young people living in communities characterized by substantial health and social disparities. My primary research interest focuses on resiliency in the prevention of ATOD use and violent behavior among at-risk urban adolescents and young adults. This research interest stems from my experience as a Nurse Practitioner in school-based and community-based clinics with adolescents and young adults. To date, my program of research has focused on the healthy development of adolescents and prevention of risk behaviors, particularly youth violence. My long-term goal is to become an independent investigator in the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violent/aggressive behavior among youth, and the role of primitive factors in the healthy development of youth, specifically primitive factors within the neighborhood context (place). With my long- term goal in mind, my training and research objectives for the five-year award period are: 1) To develop expertise in ATOD use, the relationship between ATOD use and violent behavior, and their concomitant individual and neighborhood risk and primitive factors; 2) To expand my quantitative skills to examine for the effect of place (neighborhood) on adolescent ATOD use and the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence/aggression overtime; 3) To develop skills in intervention development, evaluation, and design; and 4) To advance my knowledge of the ethical conduct of intervention research with adolescents, including considerations regarding recruitment, data collection, management and security, and intervention. Training will include: graduate coursework in spatial-temporal analysis; short courses in intervention development and design and advanced multilevel modeling; mentored literature reviews on youth ATOD use, ATOD use and violence, and neighborhood effects of substance use among youth; participation in substance use interdisciplinary workgroups and meetings; mentorship in developing school and community partnerships for intervention research and translating research findings into interventions; and three mentored research projects. I will be mentored by experts in adolescent development, adolescent substance use, spatial analysis, and intervention development and implementation. Guided by a developmental-ecological perspective, I have proposed two secondary data analysis projects and one data collection project to address the following overarching research aims: 1) To examine the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence/aggression among urban youth; 2) To explore how place influences the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence; 3) To examine the relationship between future orientation, place, and the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence during adolescence; and 4) To develop an intervention and relevant measures that will be the basis for an R21 and future RCT R01. Using data from the NIDA-funded longitudinal Flint Adolescent Study (n = 850, PI: Zimmerman), the first project will focus on the trajectories of ATOD use and violent behavior over time, and will identify neighborhood characteristics that influence trajectories of ATOD use and violent behavior in a sample of urban youth. I will use dual trajectory growth curve analysis and cross-legged path analyses to explore the relationship between ATOD use and violence from age 14-32. Multilevel modeling analyses will be used to identify neighborhood characteristics that influence the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence. Using data from a county-wide school based survey (Coordinated Community Student Survey; C2S2); the second research project will focus on the relationship between future orientation, place, and the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violent behavior. I will use multi-group, multilevel SEM (ML-SEM) to examine differences in the relationship between future orientation and ATOD use/violent behavior based on neighborhood factors. The third study involves conducting a survey with a subsample of C2S2 youth (n = 500 6th grade students) for a more in-depth exploration of the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violent behavior, future orientation and its relationship to ATOD and violent behavior, and how place influence future orientation and ATOD use and violent behavior in a sample of urban youth. Measures, study design, and analyses will be determined based on knowledge, skills, and mentoring received as part of the training plan. In research projects 2 and 3, I will use spatial analytic techniques to examine the effects of place-based risk and primitive factors on future orientation, youth ATOD use and violence. In the proposed projects, I seek to identify place-based assets and resources that are associated with preventing the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence and promote the development of future orientation. In collaboration with school/community partners, I will use these findings to develop an intervention focused on promoting health youth development and reducing ATOD use and violent behavior during year 4, and I will submit an R21 to test this intervention during year 5.

描述（由申请人提供）：提议设立导师科学家职业发展奖（K01），为我提供开发创新研究项目所需的培训和研究经验，该项目专注于 ATOD 的使用和青少年中的暴力/攻击行为。我的研究和职业生涯主要关注生活在健康和社会差距巨大的社区中的弱势年轻人群体。我的主要研究兴趣集中于预防高危城市青少年和年轻人使用 ATOD 和暴力行为的弹性。这项研究兴趣源于我在学校和社区诊所担任青少年和年轻人的执业护士的经历。迄今为止，我的研究项目主要集中在青少年的健康发展和预防危险行为，特别是青少年暴力。我的长期目标是成为一名独立调查员，研究青少年中 ATOD 使用和暴力/攻击行为的共存，以及原始因素在青少年健康发展中的作用，特别是邻里环境（地点）内的原始因素。考虑到我的长期目标，我在五年奖励期内的培训和研究目标是： 1) 发展 ATOD 使用方面的专业知识、ATOD 使用与暴力行为之间的关系，以及随之而来的个人和邻里风险和原始行为因素； 2) 扩展我的定量技能，以检查地点（社区）对青少年 ATOD 使用的影响以及 ATOD 使用和暴力/攻击行为的同时发生； 3) 培养干预开发、评估和设计的技能； 4) 增进我对青少年干预研究的道德行为的了解，包括有关招募、数据收集、管理和安全以及干预的考虑因素。培训将包括： 时空分析研究生课程；干预开发和设计以及高级多层次建模短期课程；指导有关青少年 ATOD 使用、ATOD 使用和暴力以及青少年物质使用的邻里影响的文献综述；参加物质使用跨学科工作组和会议；为干预研究发展学校和社区伙伴关系并将研究成果转化为干预措施提供指导；和三个指导研究项目。我将得到青少年发展、青少年药物使用、空间分析以及干预措施制定和实施方面的专家的指导。在发展生态学视角的指导下，我提出了两个二级数据分析项目和一个数据收集项目，以解决以下总体研究目标：1）研究城市青年中 ATOD 使用和暴力/攻击行为的同时发生； 2) 探讨地点如何影响 ATOD 使用和暴力的同时发生； 3) 研究青春期未来取向、地点以及 ATOD 使用和暴力同时发生之间的关系； 4) 制定干预措施和相关措施，作为 R21 和未来 RCT R01 的基础。利用 NIDA 资助的纵向弗林特青少年研究（n = 850，PI：Zimmerman）的数据，第一个项目将重点关注 ATOD 使用和暴力行为随时间的轨迹，并将确定影响 ATOD 使用和暴力行为轨迹的社区特征。城市青年样本中的暴力行为。我将使用双轨迹成长曲线分析和盘腿路径分析来探讨14-32岁ATOD使用与暴力之间的关系。多级建模分析将用于识别影响 ATOD 使用和暴力同时发生的社区特征。使用全县学校调查的数据（协调社区学生调查；C2S2）；第二个研究项目将重点关注未来方向、地点以及 ATOD 使用和暴力行为的共现之间的关系。我将使用多组、多层次 SEM (ML-SEM) 来研究基于邻里因素的未来取向与 ATOD 使用/暴力行为之间关系的差异。第三项研究涉及对 C2S2 青少年子样本（n = 500 名六年级学生）进行调查，以更深入地探讨 ATOD 使用与暴力行为的共现、未来取向及其与 ATOD 和暴力行为的关系，以及地点如何影响城市青年样本中的未来取向、ATOD 使用和暴力行为。措施、研究设计和分析将根据作为培训计划一部分获得的知识、技能和指导来确定。在研究项目 2 和 3 中，我将使用空间分析技术来研究基于地点的风险和原始因素对未来取向、青少年 ATOD 使用和暴力的影响。在拟议的项目中，我寻求确定与防止 ATOD 使用和暴力同时发生相关的基于地方的资产和资源，并促进未来方向的发展。我将与学校/社区合作伙伴合作，利用这些发现制定一项干预措施，重点是在第 4 年促进青少年健康发展并减少 ATOD 使用和暴力行为，并且我将在第 5 年提交 R21 来测试该干预措施。