Visuomotor Prosthetic for Paralysis

瘫痪视觉运动假肢

• 批准号: 10090436
• 负责人: RICHARD A ANDERSEN
• 金额: $ 77.59万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10090436
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Advanced Development; Algorithms; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anatomy; Area; Ballistics; Behavioral; Body mass index; Body part; Brain; Brain region; California; Clinical Trials; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Computers; Conduct Clinical Trials; Contralateral; Data; Development; Devices; Electrodes; FDA approved; Freedom; Future; Goals; Hand; Healthcare; Hospitals; Human; Implant; Individual; Institutes; Ipsilateral; Joints; Knowledge; Limb structure; Los Angeles; Medical Device; Memory; Microelectrodes; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurons; Outcome; Paralysed; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Patient Recruitments; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Phase; Population; Property; Prosthesis; Prosthesis Design; Quadriplegia; Quality of life; Research; Research Design; Robotics; Sampling; Self-Help Devices; Side; Signal Transduction; Site; Specificity; Speed; Spinal Cord Lesions; Stroke; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Translating; Universities; Vision; Volition; Work; arm; design; experimental study; improved; medical schools; motor behavior; neural prosthesis; neurophysiology; neuroprosthesis; neuroregulation; neurosurgery; practical application; relating to nervous system; visual motor

The objective of the proposed research is to obtain scientific knowledge of visuomotor transformations in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and primary motor cortex (M1) from tetraplegic subjects in a clinical trial to advance the development of neural prosthetics. We have shown in clinical trials conducted over the past 6 years that PPC can control neural prosthetics for assisting tetraplegic subjects. Other groups have concentrated on M1 and likewise find control for neural prosthetics. In our studies of PPC we have found that besides trajectory signals to move robotic limbs or control computer cursors, there are a plethora of visuomotor signals that represent intended movements of most of the body, movement goals, cognitive strategies, and even memory signals. Our central hypothesis is that PPC and M1 will encode visuomotor parameters in both similar and different ways, and that algorithms can be developed to leverage those signals from the two areas that are complimentary to improve prosthetic range and performance. Implants will be made in both M1 and PPC, enabling simultaneous recording in the same subjects, elevating concerns of comparing data from different labs collected in different individuals with different implants and different tasks. This central hypothesis will be tested in two broad aims, for which we have substantial preliminary data. Aim 1 will examine the control of the body by the two areas. It is hypothesized that M1 will demonstrate strong specificity for the contralateral limb (implants will be made in the hand knob) whereas PPC will code movements for most of the body and on both contra and ipsilateral sides by leveraging its partially mixed encoding of parameters (subaim 1a). Whereas M1 is hypothesized to code spatial variables exclusively during attempted or imagined actions, it is hypothesized that PPC also encodes cognitive spatial variables in task appropriate reference frames (subaim 1b). In subaim 1c we will examine how multiple body parts are combined in movement representations, hypothesizing that M1 and PPC will employ a diverse set of mechanisms including linear summation, non-linear combinations, and movement suppression expressed in different ways as a function of brain area and the specific movement set. Aim 2 will examine the temporal aspects of encoding in the two areas. In subaim 2a we will test the hypothesis that the neural dynamics during sustained periods of movement are largely unchanging in both areas. In subaim 2b we hypothesize that, during sequential movements, M1 codes only the ongoing movement whereas PPC codes both the current and subsequent movements. Finally, in subaim 2c we will examine the coding of movement speed, with the hypothesis that there are separate subspaces in both M1 and PPC for direction and speed of movement.

拟议研究的目的是获得视觉运动转换的科学知识 临床中四肢瘫痪受试者的后顶叶皮层（PPC）和初级运动皮层（M1） 推进神经修复体发展的试验。我们进行的临床试验表明 过去 6 年，PPC 可以控制神经假体来辅助四肢瘫痪受试者。其他团体 专注于 M1 并同样找到了神经修复术的控制。在我们对 PPC 的研究中，我们有 发现除了移动机器人肢体或控制计算机光标的轨迹信号外，还有 大量的视觉运动信号代表身体大部分的预期运动、运动 目标、认知策略，甚至记忆信号。我们的中心假设是 PPC 和 M1 将 以相似和不同的方式编码视觉运动参数，并且该算法可以是 开发利用来自两个互补区域的信号来改善假肢 范围和性能。植入物将在 M1 和 PPC 中制造，从而能够同时记录 相同的受试者，增加了比较不同实验室收集的数据的担忧 具有不同植入物和不同任务的个体。 这一中心假设将在两个广泛的目标上进行检验，我们对此有大量的初步数据。 目标 1 将检查这两个区域对身体的控制。假设 M1 将 表现出对对侧肢体的强烈特异性（植入物将植入手柄中） 而 PPC 将对身体的大部分以及对侧和同侧的运动进行编码 利用其部分混合的参数编码（subaim 1a）。而 M1 被假设为编码 空间变量仅在尝试或想象的动作期间发生，假设 PPC 也 在任务适当的参考框架中编码认知空间变量（subaim 1b）。在 subaim 1c 中，我们 将检查多个身体部位如何在运动表示中组合，假设 M1 和 PPC 将采用多种机制，包括线性求和、非线性 组合，以及以不同方式表达为大脑区域和功能的运动抑制 具体的动作设定。 目标 2 将检查这两个区域中编码的时间方面。在 subaim 2a 中我们将测试 假设持续运动期间的神经动力学在很大程度上是不变的 两个领域。在 subaim 2b 中，我们假设，在顺序运动期间，M1 仅编码 正在进行的运动，而 PPC 对当前和后续运动进行编码。最后，在苏拜姆 2c 我们将检查移动速度的编码，假设有单独的 M1 和 PPC 中的子空间用于表示运动的方向和速度。