Studies of Populations Exposed to Occupational Sources of Radiation

暴露于职业辐射源人群的研究

• 批准号: 8157918
• 负责人: Martha S. Linet
• 金额: $ 286.74万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8157918
• 关键词: Occupational; Population Study; Radiation; Source

A study of markers of cosmic radiation exposure and effect among flight crew A biodosimetry study to assess cosmic radiation exposure compared the induction and persistence of chromosome aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) among 83 pilots and 51 university faculty with minimal flying experience. The mean frequency of translocations did not differ between the airline pilots and a comparison group of university faculty, however there was a significant increasing trend among the pilots for number of years flying commercial aircraft and translocation frequency. In addition, radiation exposure from personal diagnostic procedures among the pilots was positively associated with translocation frequencies after adjustment for age and number of years flying. Cancer and Other Mortality Risks in a Cohort of U.S. Radiologic Technologists In 1982, the REB, initiated a nationwide cohort study of all cancer incidence and mortality among 146,022 U. S. radiologic technologists. The cohort with 73% females, and very high response rates offers a rare opportunity to study effects of occupational protracted low- to moderate-dose radiation exposure on breast and thyroid cancer, the two most sensitive organ sites for radiation carcinogenesis in women. All other cancer and non-cancer serious disease outcomes are also being evaluated in relation to protracted low-to-moderate dose exposures. Presently we are expanding the scope of the study to include a study of skin cancer in relation to radiation exposure and variation in levels of circulating vitamin D. Cancer Mortality in Russian Nuclear Workers Exposed to Plutonium and Protracted External Radiation A cohort of 26,000 Mayak nuclear facility workers (in the Russian Federation) is being studied because they comprise a unique occupational group for protracted exposure to external occupational radiation at high doses and exposure to plutonium. Improved dosimetry and updated mortality data confirm earlier findings of external dose-response relationships for leukemia and for all solid cancers. Mortality analyses have clearly demonstrated that internal exposure to plutonium results in excess risks for lung cancer, liver cancer and bone cancer. Dose-response analyses of lung, liver and bone cancer mortality indicated significant associations for both internal dose from plutonium and external dose. Dose-response analyses of cancer mortality in relation to in utero radiation exposure from maternal employment at the Mayak facility are underway. Germline Genetic Variation And Risk Of Chromosome Aberrations Among Mayak Nuclear Workers REB is elucidating the contribution of germline genetic variation to the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in a cohort of workers at the Mayak nuclear weapons facility. These workers were exposed to external gamma and internal plutonium radiation. Incidence of Breast Cancer and Other Cancers in Flight We are investigating the risk of breast cancer or other cancer incidence in a study of 9,631 female flight attendants due to cosmic radiation exposure. Surveys from living or proxy respondents have been collected from 6,341 female flight attendants. Confirmation of cancer diagnoses from death certificates or medical records is ongoing. Leukemia and Other Cancer Incidence in Chornobyl Clean-Up Workers All cancer incidence through 1998 was evaluated in two cohorts, comprising 10,000 clean-up workers, from Estonia and Latvia, who were sent to Chornobyl (Ukraine) following the reactor accident in 1986. Leukemia risk incidence was not significantly elevated in this group compared to the general population. Thyroid cancer incidence was increased, but this appeared to have been due, at least in part, to thyroid screening. The study is being extended to include a cohort of 7,000 clean-up workers from Lithuania and additional years of follow-up. NCI has recently completed a "nested" case-control study of leukemia and other hematologic diseases among the approximately 110,000 Chornobyl clean-up workers in Ukraine and is continuing to accrue cases through record linkage with the Ukrainian National Cancer Registry. (Phase II) Studies of UV and cancer at various sites in the USRT cohort REB investigators also followed up suggestive inverse associations between vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer, using ultraviolet radiation (UVR) as a surrogate for vitamin D, and confirmed a protective association found only in women not using hormone replacement therapy. Thyroid Cancer among Chornobyl Clean-up Workers in Ukraine: Pilot Study We are conducting a pilot study to assess the feasibility of doing a full nested case-control study investigating the radiation-related risk of thyroid cancer among the 150,000 male clean-up workers in Ukraine. This pilot study will identify thyroid cancer cases occurring among the 150,000 Ukrainian clean-up workers through linkage to the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine; locate and interview a small sample of subjects (40-50) with thyroid cancer; obtain saliva buccal cell samples; and obtain information on availability of archival thyroid tumor specimens for future tumor-tissue collection.

一项宇宙辐射暴露和飞行人员对评估宇宙辐射暴露的生物测量研究的研究比较了83名飞行员的荧光原位杂交（FISH）和51个大学教师的荧光造成和持续性。航空公司飞行员和大学教职员工的比较组之间的平均易位频率没有差异，但是飞行员在飞行商用飞机和易位频率的年中，飞行员的趋势趋势显着增加。此外，飞行员个人诊断程序的辐射暴露与调整年龄和飞行年数之后的易位频率呈正相关。 REB在1982年在美国放射科学技术人员队列中的癌症和其他死亡率风险，对146,022个美国放射学技术人员中的所有癌症发病率和死亡率进行了全国范围的同类研究。具有73％女性的队列和非常高的反应率提供了难得的机会，可以研究职业型低至中剂量辐射对乳腺癌和甲状腺癌的影响，这是女性辐射致癌的两个最敏感的器官。所有其他癌症和非癌症的严重疾病结果也正在与长期低至中度剂量暴露有关的评估。目前，我们正在扩大研究的范围，以包括对辐射暴露的研究以及循环维生素D的水平的变化D.俄罗斯核工人中癌症的死亡率的变化，而癌症的死亡率是parc. plut的核工人和外部辐射的持续性，而外部辐射的持久持续的26,000名Mayak核设施工人（俄罗斯联合会中的占用率）是占用的，因为他们在占用的占用的占用率（俄罗斯联合会），因为占用的占用的占用占用的占用的占用的占用的占用的占用的占用的占用的占用。暴露于p。改进的剂量法和更新的死亡率数据证实了白血病和所有固体癌症的外部剂量反应关系的早期发现。死亡率分析清楚地表明，内部暴露于prut骨会导致肺癌，肝癌和骨癌的过多风险。肺，肝脏和骨癌死亡率的剂量反应分析表明，内剂量和外剂量的内剂量显着关联。癌症死亡率的剂量反应分析与Mayak设施中母体就业的子宫辐射暴露有关。 Mayak核工人REB中种系遗传变异和染色体畸变的风险是阐明种系遗传变异对Mayak核武器设施中一系列工人的染色体畸变频率的贡献。这些工人暴露于外部伽马和内部p辐射。乳腺癌和其他癌症的发病率是我们正在研究乳腺癌或其他癌症发病率的风险，这是一项因宇宙辐射暴露而对9,631名女性飞行者的研究。从6,341名女性空姐那里收集了来自生活或代理受访者的调查。从死亡证明或病历中确认癌症诊断。 Chornobyl清理工人的白血病和其他癌症发病率在1998年之前进行了所有癌症的发病率，包括来自爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚的10,000名清理工人，他们在1986年发生反应堆事故后被送往Chornobyl（乌克兰）。白血病的危险率并未显着升高。甲状腺癌发病率增加，但这至少部分归因于甲状腺筛查。这项研究正在扩展到包括立陶宛的7,000名清理工人和额外的随访。 NCI最近在乌克兰大约110,000名Chornobyl清理工人中完成了一项对白血病和其他血液学疾病的“嵌套”病例对照研究，并通过与乌克兰国家癌症登记局的创纪录联系来继续累积病例。 （II阶段）使用紫外线辐射（UVR）作为维生素D的替代物，对USRT队列REB研究者的紫外线和癌症的研究也跟踪了维生素D水平与大肠癌之间的暗示性逆相关性，并证实了仅在未使用荷尔蒙替代治疗的女性中发现的保护性关联。 乌克兰的Chornobyl清理工人中的甲状腺癌：试点研究，我们正在进行一项试点研究，以评估进行一项完整的嵌套病例对照研究，以研究乌克兰的15万名男性清洁工人在15万名男性清洁工人中与放射性相关的风险进行研究。这项试点研究将通过与乌克兰国家癌症注册局联系，确定在15万名乌克兰清理工人中发生的甲状腺癌病例。找到并采访甲状腺癌的一小部分受试者（40-50）；获得唾液颊细胞样品；并获取有关未来肿瘤组织收集的档案甲状腺肿瘤标本可用性的信息。