Cellphone Laws, Texting While Driving, and Traffic Crashes Among the Youngest Drivers

手机法规、开车时发短信以及年轻司机的交通事故

基本信息

批准号：
10247658
负责人：
Motao Zhu
金额：
$ 37.12万
依托单位：
RESEARCH INST NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSP
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-01-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Teenage drivers have the highest proportion of cellphone-related crashes, and traffic crashes are their leading cause of death. The death rate among drivers age 14-17 years hiked 17% from 2014 to 2016 nationally, with increasing cellphone-related distracted-driving as a suggested contributor. While 40 states and DC had enacted young-driver phone laws to ban all cellphone use or handheld use by September 2017, provisions vary greatly (e.g., all cellphone ban vs. handheld phone ban, all license types vs. learner permits/intermediate licenses). The extent to which young-driver phone bans and their specific provisions reduce texting and crashes is unknown. Therefore, we propose a four-year project with objectives to determine, across multiple states, the impact of young-driver phone bans and universal phone bans (i.e., for all ages) on texting or emailing while driving, and the rates of injury and fatal crashes among teens (<18 years). We hypothesize that the effectiveness of laws is impacted by certain provisions. The specific aims of this renewal application are to determine which provisions of young-driver phone bans and universal texting bans reduce teen texting or emailing while driving (Aim 1), and to identify which provisions of young-driver phone bans and universal phone bans reduce crashes involving teen drivers (<18 years) (Aim 2). Cellphone ban provisions to be examined include: 1) scope of banned activities (texting, handheld phone use, all phone use); 2) affected license types (learner permit / intermediate license, all licenses); 3) mode of enforcement (primary enforcement—officers can stop a vehicle for phone use only; or secondary enforcement—driver must first be cited for another infraction); 4) initial monetary amount of fine; 5) increases in fines for multiple citations; and 6) whether an infraction delays full licensure. The aims will be accomplished by combining and analyzing survey, legislative, economic, population, and crash data from various systems maintained by federal, state, and private agencies. Random-effects logistic and quasi-Poisson models will be used to estimate the effects of state-level laws on individual-level phone use and state-level crash rates. Level of enforcement will be examined as a mediator in the path from cellphone laws to changes in cellphone-use-while-driving behaviors, as well as changes in injuries, and deaths related to cellphone use while driving. Guided by strong preliminary data and our last R01, this study is also innovative by using multiple measures of impact include texting while driving, fatal crashes, and driver injuries. This project is significant, because its findings can inform states' efforts to develop/improve laws to reduce phone-related crashes, injuries, and deaths involving teen drivers.

项目概要/摘要青少年司机与手机相关的事故比例最高，而交通事故是其中的主要原因 2014 年至 2016 年，全国 14 至 17 岁司机的死亡率上升了 17%，增加与手机相关的分心驾驶作为一个建议的贡献者，而 40 个州和华盛顿特区已经这样做了。颁布了年轻驾驶员手机法，到 2017 年 9 月禁止所有手机或手持设备的使用，规定差异很大（例如，所有手机禁令与手持电话禁令、所有许可证类型与学习者许可证/中级许可证年轻驾驶员手机禁令及其具体规定减少发短信的程度。因此，我们提出了一个为期四年的项目，并确定了多个目标。各州，年轻司机电话禁令和普遍电话禁令（即所有年龄段）对发短信或开车时发送电子邮件，以及青少年（<18 岁）的受伤和致命事故发生率。法律的有效性受到某些条款的影响。本次更新申请的具体目的是：确定年轻司机电话禁令和普遍发短信禁令的哪些条款减少了青少年发短信或驾驶时发送电子邮件（目标 1），并确定年轻驾驶员电话禁令和通用的哪些规定手机禁令可减少涉及青少年驾驶员（<18 岁）的车祸（目标 2）。检查的内容包括： 1) 禁止的活动范围（发短信、手持电话使用、所有电话使用）； 2) 受影响的活动许可证类型（学习许可证/中级许可证、所有许可证）； 3）执行方式（初级）；执法——官员可以拦截车辆，仅用于打电话；或辅助执法——驾驶员必须首先 4) 初始罚款金额； 5) 多次罚单的罚款金额；以及 6) 违规行为是否会延迟全面许可。这些目标将通过结合和分析调查来实现，来自联邦、州和政府维护的各种系统的立法、经济、人口和事故数据私人机构将使用随机效应逻辑和准泊松模型来估计的影响。关于个人手机使用和州级崩溃率的州级法律的执行级别将是。作为从手机法到驾驶时使用手机行为变化的中介因素进行了研究，以及与驾驶时使用手机相关的伤害和死亡的变化。数据和我们上一个 R01 一样，这项研究也具有创新性，它使用了多种影响措施，包括发短信该项目意义重大，因为其调查结果可以为各州提供信息。努力制定/完善法律，以减少涉及青少年司机的与电话相关的车祸、伤害和死亡。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（52）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Increased motor vehicle fatalities Tuesday through Thursday during the US Thanksgiving holiday (1980-2018).

美国感恩节假期期间（1980-2018 年）周二至周四机动车死亡人数增加。

DOI：
发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Ratnapradipa, Kendra L;Zhu, Motao
通讯作者：
Zhu, Motao

Association between cellphone use while driving legislation and self-reported behaviour among adult drivers in USA: a cross-sectional study.

美国成年驾驶员驾驶时使用手机立法与自我报告行为之间的关联：一项横断面研究。

DOI：
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Rudisill, Toni Marie;Zhu, Motao;Chu, Haitao
通讯作者：
Chu, Haitao

Characterization of drug and alcohol use among senior drivers fatally injured in U.S. motor vehicle collisions, 2008-2012.

2008 年至 2012 年美国机动车碰撞事故中致死的老年驾驶员吸毒和酗酒的特征。

DOI：
发表时间：
2016-11-16
期刊：
影响因子：
2
作者：
Rudisill, Toni M;Zhu, Motao;Abate, Marie;Davidov, Danielle;Delagarza, Vincent;Long, D Leann;Sambamoorthi, Usha;Thornton, J Doug
通讯作者：
Thornton, J Doug

The association between handheld phone bans and the prevalence of handheld phone conversations among young drivers in the United States.

美国年轻司机中手持电话禁令与手持电话交谈盛行之间的关联。