Development of a low dose clinical lung screening prototype for early detection of COPD and lung cancer using a novel x-ray source to enable Talbot-Lau interferometry

使用新型 X 射线源开发低剂量临床肺部筛查原型，以实现 COPD 和肺癌的早期检测，以实现 Talbot-Lau 干涉测量

• 批准号: 10082257
• 负责人: Wenbing Yun
• 金额: $ 24.62万
• 依托单位: SIGRAY, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10082257
• 关键词: Air; Alveolar; Benign; Cancerous; Cause of Death; Chest; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Clinical; Communities; Detection; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Disease; Dose; Early Diagnosis; Early treatment; Ensure; Evaluation; Family suidae; Goals; Human; Image; Interferometry; Legal patent; Lesion; Life; Low Dose Radiation; Lung; Lung diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Mass Screening; Medical; Methods; Morphology; Mus; Performance; Phase; Pulmonary Pathology; Radiation Dose Unit; Recording of previous events; Roentgen Rays; Savings; Signal Transduction; Solid; Source; Structure; Structure of parenchyma of lung; System; Techniques; Thick; Thoracic Radiography; Time; Tissues; Width; absorption; base; contrast imaging; density; design; detector; effective therapy; high risk; imaging system; improved; innovation; low dose computed tomography; lung imaging; mortality; novel; novel diagnostics; operation; prototype; screening; success; survival outcome; treatment strategy; tumor

Project Summary/Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are the third and sixth most common causes of death worldwide. One major challenge is that there are no effective screening methods capable of early detection of these diseases and when these diseases are finally detected, they are often at advanced stages for which few effective treatment strategies exist. In the case of lung cancer, more than half of people die within the year of diagnosis. Darkfield (scattering-based) x-ray contrast has been recently demonstrated to provide exciting capabilities for early detection of lung pathologies, including cancer and COPD at doses comparable to conventional chest radiography. This contrast mechanism differs significantly from current approaches, which use the absorption of x-rays for contrast rather than the scattering of x-rays. Accessing information provided by this contrast mechanism requires an emerging grating-based x-ray technique called Talbot-Lau interferometry, which uses three sets of gratings (source, phase, and detector) to achieve contrast. However, a critical bottleneck for using this technique at the high x-ray energies (~60 keV) required for imaging through a human chest is a source grating with the aspect ratios required cannot be fabricated. We propose to develop a lung darkfield imaging prototype using a major x-ray source innovation that removes the need for the x-ray source grating to enable Talbot-Lau interferometry at high x-ray energies. The system will critically enable demonstrations of the clinical potential of darkfield radiography for early detection of lung pathologies. The proposed Phase I 6-month project is a proof-of-principle of a grating-less Talbot-Lau breadboard set-up on a phantom. The proposed Phase II 24-month project is to develop a complete prototype system and experimentally verify its performance.

项目概要/摘要 慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和肺癌分别位列第三和第六 全世界常见的死亡原因。一项主要挑战是没有有效的筛查 能够及早发现这些疾病以及这些疾病何时最终被治愈的方法 一旦被发现，它们往往已处于晚期阶段，几乎不存在有效的治疗策略。在 就肺癌而言，超过一半的人在诊断一年内死亡。 暗场（基于散射）X 射线对比度最近已被证明可以提供令人兴奋的 早期检测肺部病变的能力，包括一定剂量的癌症和慢性阻塞性肺病 与传统的胸部X光检查相当。这种对比机制显着不同 从目前的方法来看，这些方法使用 X 射线的吸收来进行对比，而不是使用 X 射线的吸收 X 射线的散射。访问此对比机制提供的信息需要 新兴的基于光栅的 X 射线技术称为 Talbot-Lau 干涉测量法，它使用三组 光栅（源、相位和检测器）以实现对比度。然而，一个关键的瓶颈 在人体成像所需的高 X 射线能量（~60 keV）下使用该技术 胸部是一个无法制造所需纵横比的源光栅。 我们建议使用主要的 X 射线源创新来开发肺部暗场成像原型 无需 X 射线源光栅即可在高温度下启用 Talbot-Lau 干涉测量 X射线能量。该系统将至关重要地展示临床潜力 暗场放射线照相术用于早期发现肺部病变。 拟议的为期 6 个月的第一阶段项目是无光栅 Talbot-Lau 的原理验证 模型上的面包板设置。拟议的为期 24 个月的第二阶段项目是开发一个 完成原型系统并通过实验验证其性能。