Contribution of Thirdhand Smoke to Overall Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Pediatric Patients

三手烟对儿科患者总体烟草烟雾暴露的影响

• 批准号: 10077843
• 负责人: GEORG E MATT
• 金额: $ 60.81万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10077843
• 关键词: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; Address; Adult; Air; Antibiotics; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Asthma; Biological; Biological Markers; Carcinogens; Caregivers; Carpet; Chemicals; Child; Child Health; Cotinine; Dangerousness; Dermal; Diagnosis; Dust; Emergency Situation; Environment; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Health; Home; Home environment; House Dust; Human; Individual; Ingestion; Inhalation; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Medical Records; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Nitrous Acid; Oxidants; Oxides; Oxygen; Pneumonia; Pollution; Positive Test Result; Recommendation; Research; Risk; Sampling; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Source; Surface; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco smoke; Tobacco-Associated Carcinogen; Toddler; Tracer; Urine; Visit; cigarette smoke; clinical effect; environmental tobacco smoke; environmental tobacco smoke exposure; nicotine exposure; non-smoker; non-smoking; novel; pediatric patients; pollutant; prevent; public health relevance; remediation; repository; respiratory; smoking restriction; thirdhand smoke; tobacco smoke exposure; tobacco toxicant; toxicant; urinary

Project Summary Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the persistent residue resulting from secondhand smoke (SHS) that accumulates in dust, in objects, and on surfaces in homes where tobacco has been used. Smokers' homes become reservoirs of persistent toxic pollutants (e.g., nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA)). Some THS pollutants continue to undergo further chemical changes in the home (e.g., nicotine to TSNAs). Children are exposed to THS toxicants via inhalation, dermal transfer, and ingestion of compounds from indoor reservoirs, and we recently demonstrated that children of smokers carry THS pollutants on their hands. Children are up to 100 times more sensitive to dust pollutants than adults. Even in homes with smoking bans, children have 5-7 times more nicotine exposure than children in nonsmoking homes. Nicotine and TSNA exposure from THS can be 6.8 and 16 times higher in toddlers, respectively, than what would be inhaled through SHS, and there is concern that THS causes hazardous health effects in children. Very little is known about the extent to which THS contributes to children's overall levels of tobacco smoke exposure (OTS), defined as their combined THS and SHS exposure. Even less is known about the effect of OTS and THS on child health. Building on prior research and leveraging the experimental design from an active tobacco cessation trial of caregivers who smoke and their children (R01HD083354), we propose the first project to examine how different home smoking behaviors contribute to THS and OTS. Our hypothesis is that independent of SHS, THS contributes significantly to OTS such that higher levels of THS pollutants in the home are associated with higher levels of THS exposure in children and that THS persists even after smokers quit. Further, we hypothesize that higher levels of THS exposure are associated with respiratory-related diagnoses, interventions, and positive test results. We will test these hypotheses within three aims using hand wipe, urine, air, and dust samples and medical record review of children before and 6-weeks and 6-months after a cessation intervention. Biological and environmental samples will become part of a unique repository for future research. Our aims are: 1) To examine the contribution of THS in children's environments to their OTS exposure; 2) To determine the levels and composition of THS pollutants in house dust in smokers' homes 6- months after a cessation intervention; and 3) To examine factors associated with THS and OTS levels and to explore if these levels are associated with increased rates of respiratory illness (e.g., asthma). If our hypotheses are supported, our findings will be crucial to help close gaps in our understanding of the types, quantity, and clinical effects of OTS, THS exposure, and THS pollutants in a unique sample of smoke exposed ill children and their homes. The potential impact of these findings is substantial, as currently the level of risk attributable to THS is unknown. This research has the potential to change how we protect children from OTS, by recognizing that SHS and THS needs to be addressed separately as sources of pollution and exposure.

项目概要 三手烟 (THS) 是二手烟 (SHS) 产生的持久残留物，在室内积聚。 灰尘、物体中以及使用烟草的家庭表面上。吸烟者的家变成了水库 持久性有毒污染物（例如尼古丁、多环芳烃 (PAH) 和烟草特有的污染物） 亚硝胺（TSNA））。一些 THS 污染物继续在家中发生进一步的化学变化（例如， 尼古丁到 TSNA）。儿童通过吸入、皮肤转移和摄入 THS 毒物而接触 室内水库中的化合物，我们最近证明吸烟者的孩子携带 THS 他们手上的污染物。儿童对灰尘污染物的敏感度是成人的 100 倍。即使在 禁止吸烟的家庭中，儿童接触的尼古丁含量是不吸烟家庭儿童的 5-7 倍 家园。幼儿从 THS 中接触的尼古丁和 TSNA 分别比普通儿童高 6.8 倍和 16 倍 通过二手烟吸入的物质，人们担心二手烟会对健康造成危害 孩子们。人们对 THS 对儿童总体烟草水平的影响程度知之甚少 烟雾暴露 (OTS)，定义为 THS 和 SHS 暴露的总和。对此，人们知之甚少 OTS 和 THS 对儿童健康的影响。以先前的研究为基础并利用实验设计 针对吸烟的护理人员及其子女的主动戒烟试验 (R01HD083354)，我们建议 第一个项目旨在研究不同的家庭吸烟行为如何导致 THS 和 OTS。我们的假设是 独立于 SHS，THS 对 OTS 贡献显着，因此 THS 污染物水平较高 家庭环境与儿童较高水平的 THS 暴露相关，并且即使吸烟后 THS 仍然存在 辞职。此外，我们假设较高水平的 THS 暴露与呼吸系统相关疾病有关。 诊断、干预措施和阳性检测结果。我们将用手在三个目标内测试这些假设 儿童产前、6周和6个月的擦拭、尿液、空气和灰尘样本以及病历审查 戒烟干预后。生物和环境样本将成为独特存储库的一部分 未来的研究。我们的目标是： 1) 检查儿童环境中的 THS 对他们的 OTS 的贡献 接触; 2) 确定吸烟者家中灰尘中 THS 污染物的水平和成分 6- 戒烟干预后几个月； 3) 检查与 THS 和 OTS 水平相关的因素并 探讨这些水平是否与呼吸系统疾病（例如哮喘）发病率增加有关。如果我们的 假设得到支持，我们的发现对于帮助缩小我们对类型的理解差距至关重要， 独特的烟雾暴露样本中 OTS、THS 暴露和 THS 污染物的数量和临床影响 生病的儿童和他们的家。这些发现的潜在影响是巨大的，因为目前的风险水平 归因于 THS 未知。这项研究有可能改变我们保护儿童免受 OTS 侵害的方式， 认识到二手烟和二手烟需要作为污染和暴露源分别处理。