In utero and childhood exposure to arsenic in water and lifelong lung disease

在子宫内和儿童时期接触水中的砷会导致终生肺部疾病

• 批准号: 8118290
• 负责人: Craig M Steinmaus
• 金额: $ 41.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8118290
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Animals; Area; Arsenic; Biological Markers; Chemicals; Child; Childhood; Chile; Cities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Defensins; Diet; Disease; Disease susceptibility; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Exposure; Exposure to; Future; Gender; Health; Health Hazards; Human; Individual Differences; Investigation; Laboratory Animals; Laws; Lead; Life; Link; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Lung; Lung diseases; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Measures; Metabolic; Metabolism; Non-Malignant; Peptides; Population; Predisposition; Pregnant Women; Prevalence; Proteomics; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Records; Recruitment Activity; Registries; Regulation; Relative Risks; Reporting; Research; Respiratory physiology; Risk; Sampling; Smoking; Source; Spirometry; Symptoms; Time; Tobacco smoke; Toxic Environmental Substances; Toxicant exposure; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Urine; Water; Water Supply; critical period; design; drinking water; early life exposure; environmental agent; epidemiology study; high risk; human data; in utero; lung development; prevent; pulmonary function; respiratory

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An estimated 20 million people in the US are exposed to levels of arsenic in their drinking water near or above the current regulatory standard. The developing lung may be particularly susceptible to environmental toxicants including arsenic. Previous studies from northern Chile suggest that people exposed to arsenic in water as young children or in utero have relative risks of lung cancer that are 3-4 times higher than those exposed as adults. Several studies have also linked arsenic in water to very high risks of non-malignant lung disease, but these have not assessed the possible long-lasting or permanent effects of exposure during the critical periods of lung development. We propose a cross-sectional study of pulmonary function (measured by spirometry) and respiratory health in subjects from northern Chile who were exposed to high arsenic levels as young children or in utero and who are now adults. We will recruit 300 lifelong residents of the city of Antofagasta which had very high arsenic concentrations in municipal water supplies from 1958 to 1970. Measures of pulmonary function and prevalence of respiratory symptoms in these subjects will be compared to 300 age- and gender-matched lifelong residents of Arica, a neighboring sociodemographically similar city with no history of high arsenic levels. All subjects will be randomly selected from the Chile Electoral Registry which contains 94% of the Chilean population. Urine samples will be collected for future biomarker studies of susceptibility and early effects. The advantage of doing this study in northern Chile is that this area is incredibly dry and almost everyone lives in one the few large cities and obtains water from one of a few large municipal water supplies. Because we have arsenic records for all these sources for the last 50 years, information on lifetime exposure can be much more accurate than anywhere else in the world. Also, a distinct period of high exposure occurring in Antofagasta about 40 years ago, with low exposure before and after, has created a large population (about 250,000) who were highly exposed in utero or as young children but not as adults. Studying health effects in these people now will allow us to investigate the long-term impacts of their early life exposure. A scenario like this, with its distinct period of high exposure, large population, high exposure in early life but not in adulthood, and accurate data on past exposure, is without precedent in environmental epidemiology. The scientific importance of this project lies in the fact that little information is available in humans on the lifelong effects of environmental exposures that occur during critical periods of lung development. The public health importance lies in the need to incorporate information on early life exposure effects into environmental regulation, and in helping to assess whether more rigorous public health measures are needed to identify and prevent toxic exposures in children and pregnant women. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Arsenic exposure from drinking water is a widespread health hazard throughout the world. This study will help reveal important new information concerning the long term health impact of childhood exposure to arsenic. It will also help determine whether other factors such as diet or tobacco smoke exposure can interact with arsenic to cause long term lung disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：估计在美国，估计有2000万人在其饮用水中接触到当前监管标准或以上的饮用水水平。发育中的肺可能特别容易受到包括砷在内的环境有毒物质的影响。智利北部的先前研究表明，像幼儿或子宫里暴露于砷的人患肺癌的相对风险，比成年人暴露的人高3-4倍。几项研究还将水中的砷与非恶性肺部疾病的高风险联系起来，但是这些研究尚未评估肺部发育的关键时期中可能长期或永久性暴露的影响。我们提出了一项横断面研究的肺功能（通过肺活量法测定）和呼吸道健康，来自智利北部的受试者，他们像幼儿或子宫一样暴露于高砷水平，现在是成年人。我们将招募Antofagasta市的300名终生居民，从1958年到1970年，在市政供水中具有很高的砷浓度。这些受试者的肺功能和呼吸道症状的措施将与300岁和性别相匹配的Arica居民相比，与邻国相似的社会历史悠久，与300岁的年龄和性别相匹配。所有受试者将从智利选举注册中心随机选择，其中包含智利人口的94％。将收集尿液样品，以供将来的生物标志物研究易感性和早期作用。在智利北部进行这项研究的优点是，该地区非常干燥，几乎每个人都生活在一个大城市中，并从少数大型市政水供应中的一种中获得水。由于过去50年来我们拥有所有这些来源的砷记录，因此有关终生曝光的信息可能比世界其他任何地方都更准确。同样，大约40年前，在Antofagasta发生了一个明显的高暴露时期，在前和之后暴露率低，造成了大量人口（约250,000），这些人口在子宫内或年幼的孩子，但不是成年人。现在研究这些人的健康影响将使我们能够研究其早期生活的长期影响。像这样的场景，其高度暴露，人口众多，早期的高暴露量（在成年期）和过去的暴露数据的准确数据是没有先例的。该项目的科学重要性在于，人类在肺部发育关键时期发生的环境暴露的终生影响的信息很少。公共卫生的重要性在于需要将有关早期生命影响影响的信息纳入环境监管，并有助于评估是否需要采取更严格的公共卫生措施来识别和预防儿童和孕妇的毒性暴露。公共卫生相关性：饮用水的砷暴露 在世界范围内是一种广泛的健康危害。这项研究将有助于揭示有关儿童期暴露于砷的长期健康影响的重要新信息。它还将有助于确定其他因素（例如饮食或烟草烟雾暴露）是否可以与砷相互作用，以引起长期肺部疾病。