Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World

眼球运动：看世界的运动系统

• 批准号: 8119860
• 负责人: Paul J May
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8119860
• 关键词: Animal Model; Area; Attention; Basal Ganglia; Behavioral; Biology; Biomechanics; Brain; Brain Stem; Brain imaging; Calibration; Cerebellum; Characteristics; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Controlled Study; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Economics; Eye; Eye Movements; Fibrosis; Financial compensation; Future; Game Theory; Gap Junctions; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Techniques; Goals; Head; Health; Image; Imaging Techniques; Interdisciplinary Study; Internet; Internuclear Ophthalmoplegias; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Measures; Mechanics; Modification; Molecular Genetics; Motor; Motor Neurons; Neurosciences; Ocular Motility Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Pathologic Nystagmus; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Physicians; Preparation; Probability Theory; Process; Property; Public Health; Reading; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Saccades; Scientist; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Slice; Source; Strabismus; Sum; Syndrome; System; Systems Biology; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Torticollis; United States National Institutes of Health; Vertigo; Visual; Work; arm; base; field study; improved; innovation; insight; interdisciplinary approach; interest; meetings; motor control; motor learning; multisensory; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; new technology; novel; novel strategies; oculomotor; oculomotor behavior; orbit muscle; programs; response; spatial neglect; success; symposium; tool; web page; Animal Model; Area; Attention; Basal Ganglia; Behavioral; Biology; Biomechanics; Brain; Brain Stem; Brain imaging; Calibration; Cerebellum; Characteristics; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Controlled Study; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Economics; Eye; Eye Movements; Fibrosis; Financial compensation; Future; Game Theory; Gap Junctions; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Techniques; Goals; Head; Health; Image; Imaging Techniques; Interdisciplinary Study; Internet; Internuclear Ophthalmoplegias; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Measures; Mechanics; Modification; Molecular Genetics; Motor; Motor Neurons; Neurosciences; Ocular Motility Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Pathologic Nystagmus; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Physicians; Preparation; Probability Theory; Process; Property; Public Health; Reading; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Saccades; Scientist; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Slice; Source; Strabismus; Sum; Syndrome; System; Systems Biology; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Torticollis; United States National Institutes of Health; Vertigo; Visual; Work; arm; base; field study; improved; innovation; insight; interdisciplinary approach; interest; meetings; motor control; motor learning; multisensory; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; new technology; novel; novel strategies; oculomotor; oculomotor behavior; orbit muscle; programs; response; spatial neglect; success; symposium; tool; web page

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The oculomotor system is arguably the best understood motor control system due to the combined efforts of scientists in numerous subspecialties who have studied its complex mechanisms. Traditionally, oculomotor researchers have investigated each oculomotor subsystems in isolation, and from a specific technical view point (e.g. neurophysiology), but recently has there been a push to pursue an integrated approach to the system, and to explore how the oculomotor system integrates with systems controlling the head, body and even arms. Moreover, the field has begun to utilize approaches developed to study eye movements as a tool to understand CNS decision making processes. In 2005, we held the first oculomotor Gordon Research Conference (GRC) ever, entitled Oculomotor System Biology. The success of the first meeting resulted in another sponsorship by the GRC in 2007. The emphasis of the 2007 meeting was on the extraocular periphery, integration of oculomotor and vestibular subsystems, cognitive processes, and neuroethology. This conference was extremely productive, providing a forum for dealing with controversial issues in the field, and engendering new collaborations amongst the participants. We hope to capture this same spirit with a third oculomotor Gordon Conference: Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World in 2011. This meeting's themes will include: 1. Eye Movements as a Probe for Attention, Perception, and Decision Making Mechanisms, in which the speaker's will explore how the oculomotor system is now used as a tool to explore the mechanism by which visual sensory information is utilized in the decision making process; 2. The Action between Eye Movements, which will explore the characteristics and control mechanisms for the little studied field of microsaccades; 3. Central and Peripheral Oculomotor Subsystems in Health and Disease, which will evaluate new findings about the role of peripheral sensory and motor processes in controlling eye orientation, as well as the actions of lower and upper motoneurons within the context of diseases like strabismus; 4. Motor Learning, Calibration, Plasticity, and Reward in the Oculomotor System, in which the roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in adjusting the performance of, and reinforcing oculomotor behaviors will be explored; and 5. Novel Approaches for Understanding Oculomotor Circuits, which will range from studies using slice preparations and genetic modifications, to studies utilizing non-traditional animal models. Thus, this proposal requests support for a conference, whose objective is to bring together scientists and physicians to take a fresh look at how the diverse components of the oculomotor system interact, and to stimulate increased interdisciplinary research. With the support of NIH we will bring together ideas and investigators that rarely inhabit the same venue in an effort to advance the field in new directions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Disorders of eye movement systems include strabismus, nystagmus and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Moreover, oculomotor responses are disturbed in many motor control diseases (Parkinson's, torticollis), sensory syndromes (vertigo), and as a consequence of cognitive deficits (spatial neglect). Other disorders, such as congenital fibrosis, can alter the mechanical properties of the extraocular muscle itself. Consequently, energizing and directing integrated, cutting edge research on how the oculomotor system functions in health and disease, which is the primary goal of this meeting, Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World, is of immense relevance to public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：由于许多研究其复杂机制的科学家在许多亚专业中的综合努力，动眼系统可以说是最能理解的电动机控制系统。传统上，眼动研究人员孤立地研究了每个眼动子子系统，并且是从特定的技术观点（例如神经生理学）研究，但最近有一定推动了对系统进行集成方法的推动，并探索如何与控制头部，身体和身体的系统集成能力瘤系统。此外，该领域已开始利用开发的方法来研究眼动作为了解CNS决策过程的工具。 2005年，我们举行了第一次动眼戈登研究会议（GRC），标题为“眼动系统生物学”。第一次会议的成功导致了GRC在2007年获得了另一个赞助。2007年会议的重点是外围外围，动眼运动和前庭子系统的整合，认知过程和神经心理学。这次会议的生产力极高，为处理该领域有争议的问题提供了一个论坛，并在参与者中引发了新的合作。我们希望通过第三次眼动戈登会议：眼睛运动：2011年世界的电机系统捕捉这种精神。该会议的主题将包括：1。眼动作为注意，注意，感知和决策机制的探针，说话者现在将如何将其作为一种工具来探索该工具，从而探索该工具的信息，以探索该工具的信息。 2。眼动之间的作用，它将探讨微观扫视的小领域的特征和控制机制； 3。健康和疾病中的中央和周围眼动子子系统，该系统将评估有关外围感觉和运动过程在控制眼睛取向中的作用的新发现，以及在诸如Strabismus之类的疾病的背景下，中下部运动神经元的作用； 4。动眼运动系统中的运动，校准，可塑性和奖励，其中将探索小脑和基底神经节在调整性能以及增强眼动行为的作用；和5。了解动眼电路的新颖方法，范围从使用切片制剂和遗传修饰的研究到利用非传统动物模型的研究。因此，该提案要求对会议的支持，其目标是将科学家和医生汇集在一起​​，以重新研究动眼系统的各种组成部分如何相互作用，并刺激增加的跨学科研究。在NIH的支持下，我们将汇集很少居住在同一场所的想法和调查人员，以朝着新的方向发展领域。 公共卫生相关性：眼动系统的疾病包括斜视，眼球震颤和核内眼科治疗。此外，在许多运动控制疾病（帕金森氏症，torticollis），感觉综合征（Vertigo）和认知缺陷（空间忽视）的结果中，动眼反应受到干扰。其他疾病，例如先天性纤维化，可以改变眼外肌肉本身的机械性能。因此，对动力学系统在健康和疾病中的作用，这是本次会议的主要目标，眼动：看到世界的运动系统与公共卫生非常相关的综合，尖端研究，这是这次会议的主要目标，这是这次会议的主要目标。