Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World

眼球运动：看世界的运动系统

• 批准号: 8119860
• 负责人: Paul J May
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8119860
• 关键词: Animal Model; Area; Attention; Basal Ganglia; Behavioral; Biology; Biomechanics; Brain; Brain Stem; Brain imaging; Calibration; Cerebellum; Characteristics; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Controlled Study; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Economics; Eye; Eye Movements; Fibrosis; Financial compensation; Future; Game Theory; Gap Junctions; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Techniques; Goals; Head; Health; Image; Imaging Techniques; Interdisciplinary Study; Internet; Internuclear Ophthalmoplegias; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Measures; Mechanics; Modification; Molecular Genetics; Motor; Motor Neurons; Neurosciences; Ocular Motility Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Pathologic Nystagmus; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Physicians; Preparation; Probability Theory; Process; Property; Public Health; Reading; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Saccades; Scientist; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Slice; Source; Strabismus; Sum; Syndrome; System; Systems Biology; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Torticollis; United States National Institutes of Health; Vertigo; Visual; Work; arm; base; field study; improved; innovation; insight; interdisciplinary approach; interest; meetings; motor control; motor learning; multisensory; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; new technology; novel; novel strategies; oculomotor; oculomotor behavior; orbit muscle; programs; response; spatial neglect; success; symposium; tool; web page

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The oculomotor system is arguably the best understood motor control system due to the combined efforts of scientists in numerous subspecialties who have studied its complex mechanisms. Traditionally, oculomotor researchers have investigated each oculomotor subsystems in isolation, and from a specific technical view point (e.g. neurophysiology), but recently has there been a push to pursue an integrated approach to the system, and to explore how the oculomotor system integrates with systems controlling the head, body and even arms. Moreover, the field has begun to utilize approaches developed to study eye movements as a tool to understand CNS decision making processes. In 2005, we held the first oculomotor Gordon Research Conference (GRC) ever, entitled Oculomotor System Biology. The success of the first meeting resulted in another sponsorship by the GRC in 2007. The emphasis of the 2007 meeting was on the extraocular periphery, integration of oculomotor and vestibular subsystems, cognitive processes, and neuroethology. This conference was extremely productive, providing a forum for dealing with controversial issues in the field, and engendering new collaborations amongst the participants. We hope to capture this same spirit with a third oculomotor Gordon Conference: Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World in 2011. This meeting's themes will include: 1. Eye Movements as a Probe for Attention, Perception, and Decision Making Mechanisms, in which the speaker's will explore how the oculomotor system is now used as a tool to explore the mechanism by which visual sensory information is utilized in the decision making process; 2. The Action between Eye Movements, which will explore the characteristics and control mechanisms for the little studied field of microsaccades; 3. Central and Peripheral Oculomotor Subsystems in Health and Disease, which will evaluate new findings about the role of peripheral sensory and motor processes in controlling eye orientation, as well as the actions of lower and upper motoneurons within the context of diseases like strabismus; 4. Motor Learning, Calibration, Plasticity, and Reward in the Oculomotor System, in which the roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in adjusting the performance of, and reinforcing oculomotor behaviors will be explored; and 5. Novel Approaches for Understanding Oculomotor Circuits, which will range from studies using slice preparations and genetic modifications, to studies utilizing non-traditional animal models. Thus, this proposal requests support for a conference, whose objective is to bring together scientists and physicians to take a fresh look at how the diverse components of the oculomotor system interact, and to stimulate increased interdisciplinary research. With the support of NIH we will bring together ideas and investigators that rarely inhabit the same venue in an effort to advance the field in new directions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Disorders of eye movement systems include strabismus, nystagmus and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Moreover, oculomotor responses are disturbed in many motor control diseases (Parkinson's, torticollis), sensory syndromes (vertigo), and as a consequence of cognitive deficits (spatial neglect). Other disorders, such as congenital fibrosis, can alter the mechanical properties of the extraocular muscle itself. Consequently, energizing and directing integrated, cutting edge research on how the oculomotor system functions in health and disease, which is the primary goal of this meeting, Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World, is of immense relevance to public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：动眼系统可以说是最容易理解的运动控制系统，这要归功于许多亚专业科学家研究其复杂机制的共同努力。传统上，动眼神经研究人员从特定的技术角度（例如神经生理学）单独研究每个动眼神经子系统，但最近出现了对系统的综合方法的推动，并探索动眼神经系统如何与系统集成控制头部、身体甚至手臂。此外，该领域已开始利用研究眼球运动的方法作为理解中枢神经系统决策过程的工具。 2005年，我们举办了第一届动眼神经戈登研究会议（GRC），题为“动眼神经系统生物学”。第一次会议的成功导致 2007 年 GRC 再次赞助。2007 年会议的重点是眼外周、动眼神经和前庭子系统的整合、认知过程和神经行为学。这次会议非常富有成效，为处理该领域有争议的问题提供了一个论坛，并在与会者之间建立了新的合作。我们希望在 2011 年第三次动眼动戈登会议上体现同样的精神：眼动：看世界的运动系统。这次会议的主题将包括： 1. 眼动作为注意力、感知和决策机制的探针，其中演讲者将探讨如何使用动眼神经系统作为工具来探索视觉感官信息在决策过程中的利用机制； 2. 眼动之间的作用，将探索微眼跳这个研究较少的领域的特征和控制机制； 3. 健康和疾病中的中枢和外周动眼神经子系统，它将评估关于外周感觉和运动过程在控制眼睛方向方面的作用的新发现，以及斜视等疾病背景下下运动神经元和上运动神经元的作用； 4. 动眼神经系统的运动学习、校准、可塑性和奖励，其中将探讨小脑和基底神经节在调节动眼行为的表现和强化动眼行为方面的作用； 5.了解动眼神经回路的新方法，范围从使用切片制剂和基因改造的研究到利用非传统动物模型的研究。因此，该提案请求支持召开一次会议，其目标是将科学家和医生聚集在一起，重新审视动眼系统的不同组成部分如何相互作用，并刺激更多的跨学科研究。在 NIH 的支持下，我们将汇集很少在同一地点的想法和研究人员，努力推动该领域向新的方向发展。 公众健康相关性：眼球运动系统疾病包括斜视、眼球震颤和核间性眼肌麻痹。此外，在许多运动控制疾病（帕金森病、斜颈）、感觉综合征（眩晕）以及认知缺陷（空间忽视）中，动眼神经反应受到干扰。其他疾病，例如先天性纤维化，可以改变眼外肌本身的机械特性。因此，激发和指导关于动眼系统如何在健康和疾病中发挥作用的综合、前沿研究，这是本次会议“眼动：看世界的运动系统”的主要目标，与公共卫生具有巨大的相关性。