Understanding Visual Memory Capacity using Neural Field Modeling over Development

使用神经场建模了解视觉记忆能力

• 批准号: 8191374
• 负责人: Vanessa Simmering
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8191374
• 关键词: 6 year old; Accounting; Address; Adult; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; Architecture; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Color; Complex; Computer Simulation; Dementia; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Future; Goals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lateral; Lead; Learning; Literature; Location; Maintenance; Memory; Metric; Modeling; Nature; Neural Network Simulation; Neurologic; Pattern; Performance; Population; Premature Birth; Process; Property; Research; Research Personnel; Schizophrenia; Series; Services; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Source; System; Systems Development; Testing; Visual; Visuospatial; Williams Syndrome; Work; base; behavioral impairment; computerized; design; early childhood; experience; improved; long term memory; relating to nervous system; research study; sample fixation; simulation; synaptogenesis; vision development; visual information; visual memory

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Visual working memory (VWM) underlies humans' ability to perceive the world as a coherent visual experience rather than a disjointed series of isolated views. Decades of research has established a hallmark of the VWM system is its limited capacity-the ability to maintain only 3-5 items at once. The nature of VWM capacity limitations is currently under debate in the literature, and no clearly dominant account of how capacity might be realized in the human brain has emerged. The objective of this proposal is to provide such an account by investigating development of the VWM system in early childhood, paired with implementation in a neurally- grounded computational model. The proposal tests two specific predictions of the model: first, that memory for colors becomes more precise over development; second, that metric interactions between items held in memory will show a u-shaped developmental trajectory. These predictions will be tested in two computerized tasks designed for use with 3- to 6-year-old children. A color discrimination task will test the precision of children's memory, and a multi-item change detection task will test for interactions between similar colors held simultaneously in memory. The behavioral and computational work in this proposal will provide a new explanation for adults' capacity limitations in VWM, offering the first comprehensive developmental account of how capacity limits arise and change in early childhood. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover causal mechanisms of developmental change in working memory and to use this knowledge to inform research on related neurological and/or behavioral impairments. A number of disorders-including autism, Williams Syndrome, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's and other dementias-lead to divergence from typical patterns of performance in laboratory tasks tapping visual and spatial working memory. In order to understand neurological differences in these disordered populations, we must first understand how the typically-developing brain perceives, remembers, and uses visual information in service of behavior. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research studies the visual memory in early childhood within typically-developing populations. By understanding this system better in the majority of the population, future research may address how this system differs with disorders-including autism, Williams Syndrome, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's and other dementias-that lead to atypical patterns of performance in related tasks.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉工作记忆（VWM）是人类将世界感知为连贯的视觉体验而不是一系列脱节的孤立视图的能力的基础。数十年的研究表明，VWM 系统的一个特点是其容量有限，即一次只能维护 3-5 个项目的能力。 VWM 容量限制的本质目前在文献中存在争议，并且对于如何在人脑中实现容量还没有明确的主流解释。该提案的目的是通过调查幼儿期 VWM 系统的发展并结合基于神经的计算模型的实施来提供这样的解释。该提案测试了该模型的两个具体预测：首先，颜色记忆随着开发而变得更加精确；其次，记忆中的项目之间的度量交互将呈现出 U 形的发展轨迹。这些预测将在两项专为 3 至 6 岁儿童设计的计算机化任务中进行测试。颜色辨别任务将测试儿童记忆的精确度，多项目变化检测任务将测试内存中同时保存的相似颜色之间的相互作用。该提案中的行为和计算工作将为成年人在 VWM 中的能力限制提供新的解释，并首次提供关于能力限制如何在幼儿期产生和变化的全面发展解释。这项研究的长期目标是揭示工作记忆发育变化的因果机制，并利用这些知识为相关神经和/或行为障碍的研究提供信息。许多疾病——包括自闭症、威廉姆斯综合症、精神分裂症、注意力缺陷多动障碍、阿尔茨海默氏症和其他痴呆症——导致在利用视觉和空间工作记忆的实验室任务中偏离典型的表现模式。为了了解这些紊乱人群的神经学差异，我们必须首先了解正常发育的大脑如何感知、记忆和使用视觉信息来服务于行为。 公共健康相关性：拟议的研究研究了典型发育人群中幼儿期的视觉记忆。通过更好地了解大多数人群的这一系统，未来的研究可能会解决该系统与疾病（包括自闭症、威廉姆斯综合症、精神分裂症、注意力缺陷多动症、阿尔茨海默氏症和其他痴呆症）有何不同，这些疾病会导致相关的非典型表现模式。任务。