A reactive mat to remediate contaminated sediments and reduce health risks

用于修复受污染沉积物并降低健康风险的反应垫

• 批准号: 7340841
• 负责人: Thomas Clair Sheahan
• 金额: $ 25.42万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-09 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7340841
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adsorption; Affect; Amendment; Area; Binding; Biological; Biological Availability; Carbon Black; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chlordan; Communities; Computers; Condition; Containment; Development; Devices; Diffusion; Effectiveness; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Impact; Food Webs; Fresh Water; Future; Health; Heavy Metals; Human; Hydrocarbons; Immigration; Ingestion; Iron; Life; Liquid substance; Mechanics; Metals; Modeling; Organism; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Performance; Phase; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Process; Public Health; Rate; Reaction; Recovery; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Rivers; Sampling; Services; Sodium Chloride; Soil; Surface; System; Testing; Thick; Water; Work; bioaccumulation; contaminant transport; design; exposed human population; fluid flow; innovation; member; physical process; pressure; programs; remediation; research study; superfund site; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A new type of permeable, reactive composite is being developed for remediation and management of contaminated sediments. It consists of one or more filtering layers surrounding a reactive layer placed on the sediment surface. Hydrodynamic dispersion and pore fluid flow carry contaminants through the composite. The broad, long-term objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive understanding of: 1) how the gecicomposite would function most effectively in long-term field applications for different combinations of sediment types, sediment contaminants and pore fluid environments; and 2) how effectively the composite can reduce ecological and human health risks associated with sediment-bound contaminants. The specific aims of the research are to address the following fundamental issues: 1) What are the reactive materials that can be used in the composite that will most effectively immobilize or transform the target contaminants of PCB's, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals? 2) What is the relationship between the advective and diffusive components of contaminant transport for various soil-contaminant-pore fluid chemistry combinations? 3) How can results from bench-scale experiments that model the sediment-contaminant- composite system be used to predict the composite's scalability for field applications? 4) What are the effects of the physical presence of the composite and the composite-contaminant reactions on both the underlying sediment and overlying benthic organisms, in terms of supporting healthy and diverse benthic communities in these zones? 5) Does the geocomposite reduce the human health risks associated with contaminated sediments? The research will be performed in 4 phases: 1) sediment characterization for each Superfund site sediment to be tested, including physical, chemical, biological and consolidation testing; 2) batch chemical testing to assess and optimize reactivity between target contaminants and the composite reactive amendments to be testing in Phase 3; 3) bench scale tests to model the sediment-composite-benthic system using a computer automated device that combines sediment consolidation and contaminant transport through the sediment and composite, and assess the biological activity before and after sediment consolidation, as well as the biogeneration in the overlying 'clean' sediment; and 4) modeling of the process, accounting for seepage, consolidation, dispersion and reactivity due to adsorption and transformation. Relevance to Public Health: Contaminated sediments present a global public health challenge that requires new, innovative approaches. By immobilizing and/or neutralizing contaminants, the composite has the potential to minimize further contaminant migration and, in subaqueous environments, contaminant resuspension and diffusion into the overlying water column. This will limit the bioavailability of contaminants and bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs, which can be a pathway for human exposure via ingestion.

描述（由申请人提供）： 一种新型的渗透性、反应性复合材料正在开发中，用于污染沉积物的修复和管理。它由一层或多层过滤层组成，围绕沉积物表面的反应层。流体动力分散和孔隙流体流动将污染物带过复合材料。这项研究的广泛、长期目标是全面了解：1）在沉积物类型、沉积物污染物和孔隙流体环境的不同组合的长期现场应用中，gecicomposite如何最有效地发挥作用； 2) 该复合材料如何有效地降低与沉积物污染物相关的生态和人类健康风险。该研究的具体目标是解决以下基本问题： 1) 复合材料中可使用哪些反应材料，最有效地固定或转化 PCB、多环芳烃 (PAH) 和金属等目标污染物？ 2）对于各种土壤-污染物-孔隙流体化学组合，污染物迁移的平流和扩散成分之间的关​​系是什么？ 3) 如何使用模拟沉积物-污染物-复合系统的实验室规模实验结果来预测复合材料在现场应用中的可扩展性？ 4) 在支持这些区域健康和多样化的底栖生物群落方面，复合物的物理存在和复合污染物反应对底层沉积物和上覆底栖生物有何影响？ 5) 土工复合材料是否可以降低与污染沉积物相关的人类健康风险？研究将分四个阶段进行：1）对每个待测试的超级基金场地沉积物进行沉积物表征，包括物理、化学、生物和固结测试； 2) 批量化学测试，以评估和优化目标污染物与第 3 阶段待测试的复合反应性修正剂之间的反应性； 3) 实验室规模测试，使用计算机自动化设备模拟沉积物-复合-底栖系统，该设备结合了沉积物固结和污染物通过沉积物和复合物的传输，并评估沉积物固结前后的生物活性，以及​​沉积物固结中的生物发生。上面覆盖着“干净”的沉积物； 4) 过程建模，考虑渗透、固结、分散以及吸附和转化引起的反应性。与公共卫生的相关性：受污染的沉积物提出了全球公共卫生挑战，需要新的创新方法。通过固定和/或中和污染物，该复合材料有可能最大限度地减少污染物的进一步迁移，并在水下环境中最大限度地减少污染物的再悬浮和扩散到上覆水柱中。这将限制污染物的生物利用度和水生食物网中的生物累积，这可能是人类通过摄入而暴露的途径。