Linking dynamic environments with childhood obesity

将动态环境与儿童肥胖联系起来

基本信息

批准号：
8190251
负责人：
Gina Schellenbaum Lovasi
金额：
$ 13.38万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-08-10 至 2016-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8190251
关键词：
Address Adopted Adult Age Ancillary Study Area Behavior Birth Characteristics Child Child Support Childhood Cities Cohort Studies Communities Complement Control Groups Cross-Sectional Studies Data Data Analyses Data Collection Data Sources Dietary Practices Educational workshop Elements Environment Epidemiology Equation Evaluation Exhibits Experimental Designs Family Family Study Food Genetic Geographic Information Systems Graph Growth Growth and Development function Health Health behavior Household Hybrids Income Individual Intervention Life Cycle Stages Life Style Link Literature Longitudinal Studies Low income Maps Measurement Measures Mentorship Modeling Nature Neighborhoods Obesity Overweight Parents Pattern Perception Physical activity Physical environment Process Randomized Reporting Research Research Design Research Training Residential Mobility Resources Risk Sample Size Schedule Shapes Single-Parent Family Site Social Environment Social Network Social support Source Specificity Stress System Testing Time Training Training Programs Transportation Weight base cohort density design digital experience fitness health disparity improved obesity in children physical conditioning prevent programs prospective research study sedentary social symposium theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Proposed is a program of training and research using ongoing longitudinal studies to investigate the effects of dynamic environments on childhood obesity. Obesity and sedentary behavior are increasingly common threats to childhood health, likely reflecting changes to the physical activity opportunities, food environment, and social contexts experienced by children and their families. Characteristics of the built environment have been linked to health behaviors and weight of both children and adults, but the causal nature of the link is not clear. A key challenge is to distinguish between competing explanations for the observed associations: the effect of neighborhoods on individual physical activity and health versus the tendency for active and healthy individuals to select neighborhoods that support their lifestyle. The proposed research has the potential to corroborate or temper the conclusions of previous research on this topic. Whereas previous cross-sectional studies have largely assumed that residential environments are static, the proposed project will use data on residential mobility and dynamic environments to better establish the temporal sequence of purported environmental causes and health effects. Available social context measures will be leveraged to show how built environment associations compare to or interact with those of social context. I will select analytical approaches to take full advantage of these data and to assess competing causal hypotheses. I will analyze data on built environments, social context, physical activity, and weight from two longitudinal studies. The first is the Fragile Families Study of Childhood Wellbeing, a birth cohort study of 4,898 children in large US cities that oversampled single parent families and is currently collecting data at age 9. The second is the Healthy PLACES trial a natural experimental evaluation of a newly built Smart Growth development, with built environment characteristics expected to have beneficial effects on local social networks and physical activity from parent-child pairs. Analyses in these cohorts will address specific hypotheses focusing on the obesogenic effects of the built environment, social context, and their interaction. In addition to the use of longitudinal and natural experimental designs, I will explore a range of analytical strategies selected to test the causal nature of observed associations. In particular, I will examine sequencing, specificity, and selection through stratified analyses, structural equation modeling, latent trajectory analysis, directed acyclic graphs, propensity score matching, and instrumental variable analysis. The proposed research will be complemented by experiential and didactic training in (1) environmental approaches to decrease health disparities, (2) theory and measurement of social context and health, (3) trajectory analysis and lifecourse epidemiology, and (4) study designs and analytical approaches to inform causal inference. This research and training will enable me to launch a program of independent research on the urban built and social environments shaping childhood physical activity and health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Promising strategies to promote health and prevent childhood obesity include creating new opportunities for physical activity and increasing availability of places to buy healthy foods. However, a focus on structural interventions to prevent childhood obesity may be ineffective if we do not understand how social context shapes the use of these resources. This project will use data collected on individuals over time, along with digital maps of the local environment, to evaluate which neighborhood food and fitness resources are associated with less childhood obesity and better health, and what social circumstances are necessary to see such a benefit.

描述（由申请人提供）：提出的是使用正在进行的纵向研究的培训和研究计划，以研究动态环境对儿童肥胖的影响。肥胖和久坐的行为越来越普遍对儿童健康的威胁，可能反映了儿童及其家人所经历的身体活动机会，食物环境和社会环境的变化。建筑环境的特征与儿童和成人的健康行为和体重有关，但链接的因果性质尚不清楚。一个关键的挑战是区分观察到的关联的竞争解释：社区对个人体育活动和健康的影响与活跃健康的人选择支持其生活方式的社区的趋势。拟议的研究有可能证实或降低有关该主题的先前研究的结论。尽管以前的横断面研究在很大程度上假设住宅环境是静态的，但拟议的项目将使用有关住宅移动性和动态环境的数据，以更好地确定所谓的环境原因和健康效应的时间顺序。可用的社会环境措施将被利用，以表明建立环境协会与社会环境相比或与社会环境相互作用。我将选择分析方法来充分利用这些数据并评估竞争性因果假设。我将分析两项纵向研究的建筑环境，社会环境，体育活动和体重的数据。第一个是对童年健康的脆弱家庭研究，这是对美国大城市中4,898名儿童的出生队列研究，该研究对单亲家庭进行了超采样，目前正在9岁时收集数据。第二个是健康的地方试验，对新建造的智能增长的自然实验性评估，其建立环境特征预期会对当地的社交网络和亲生的现实生活方式产生有益的影响。这些队列中的分析将解决针对建筑环境，社会环境及其相互作用的肥胖作用的特定假设。除了使用纵向和自然实验设计外，我还将探索一系列用于测试观察到关联的因果性质的分析策略。特别是，我将通过分层分析，结构方程建模，潜在轨迹分析，定向无环图，倾向分数匹配和仪器变量分析来检查测序，特异性和选择。拟议的研究将通过（1）环境方法中的体验和教学培训来补充，以减少健康差异，（2）社会环境和健康的理论和测量，（3）轨迹分析和生命性流行病学，以及（4）研究设计和分析方法，以告知因果关系。这项研究和培训将使我能够启动有关塑造儿童体育锻炼和健康的城市建筑和社会环境的独立研究计划。公共卫生相关性：促进健康和预防儿童肥胖的有前途的策略，包括为体育锻炼创造新的机会以及增加购买健康食品场所的可用性。但是，如果我们不了解社会背景如何塑造这些资源的使用，则关注预防儿童肥胖的结构干预措施可能是无效的。该项目将随着时间的推移收集的数据以及当地环境的数字地图来评估哪些社区食品和健身资源与儿童肥胖和更好的健康相关，以及看到这种好处所需的社会环境。