Neural mechanisms of age-related weakness

年龄相关性无力的神经机制

• 批准号: 10733022
• 负责人: William David Arnold
• 金额: $ 65.05万
• 依托单位: OHIO UNIVERSITY ATHENS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10733022
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Aging; Agonist; Animals; Chronic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cre lox recombination system; Data; Dose; Elderly; Exhibits; Extensor; Future; Generations; Genetic; Hand Strength; Health; Human; Impairment; Injury; Intervention; Isotonic Exercise; Leg; Level of Evidence; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Mission; Modeling; Motor; Motor Neurons; Mus; Muscle; Phenotype; Public Health; Rattus; Reporting; Research; Rodent; Role; Sepsis; Serotonin; Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2C; Shapes; Tamoxifen; Testing; Thigh structure; Thinness; Translating; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; age related; age-related muscle loss; aged; design; experimental study; human data; human old age (65+); indexing; insight; longitudinal design; motor disorder; muscle form; muscle strength; neural; neuromechanism; neuronal excitability; pharmacologic; physically handicapped; pre-clinical; response; septic; treatment strategy

ABSTRACT More than 40% of older adults (OAs) report limitations to performing tasks that are essential to maintain independence. Weakness is an important contributor to physical impairments; indeed, weakness predisposes OAs to a four-fold increase in physical limitations. Because strength is a vital factor for health and longevity, more comprehensive understanding of the causes of weakness is needed to develop targeted interventions to enhance strength and function in OAs. While age-related loss of muscle mass and quality are partly responsible for weakness, there is increasing evidence that deficits in neural activation are critically linked to age-related weakness. In particular, we and others have demonstrated that weakness associated with aging and other conditions (e.g., disuse, injury, sepsis) is due, in part, to neural hypoexcitability. In this application, we seek to fundamentally advance our understanding of the mechanisms of and treatment strategies for age-related weakness and mobility limitations through translational human (Aim 1) and pre-clinical rodent (Aim 2) experiments that, collectively, will provide strong data indicating a causal association between neural hypoexcitability and age-related weakness. The first aim will test the hypothesis that indices of neural hypoexcitability are associated with greater future (longitudinal) losses of strength in OAs. Here, we will leverage data from a prior R01 to conduct a longitudinal study in humans where we quantify indices of neural excitability, lean mass, strength, and mobility after ~ 8-years in older adults. These data will be used to determine the relative contribution of indices of neural excitability and thigh lean mass on future decline in muscle strength in older adults, with a robust design accounting for alternative mechanisms. By using a longitudinal design in humans, this aim will provide the strongest level of evidence for neural excitability being a key predictor of age-related strength loss, which is a paradigm shift away from the current consideration of primarily muscular factors (e.g., muscle mass). The second aim will consist of four experiments. Experiments 1-3 will use a 5-HT2c agonist (lorcaserin) with a well-known mechanism of action that increases persistent inward currents and motoneuron excitability. SA2.1 will test the hypothesis that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between 5-HT2c agonist dose and motor function response in old mice. SA2.2 will test the hypothesis that a 5-HT2c agonist will enhance motor function in aged mice by increasing neural excitation to demonstrate that the reduction in MN excitability is a significant contributor to motor dysfunction in old mice. SA2.3 will test chronic effects of lorcaserin treatment on motor unit number and function in aged mice. SA2.4 will test the impact of tamoxifen-inducible genetic deletion of 5-HT2c receptors in MNs using Cre-Lox system. In the long-term, this proof-of-concept, proof-of-mechanism work could serve as evidence for a neurotherapeutic agent to enhance motor function in older adults.

抽象的 超过 40% 的老年人 (OA) 表示在执行维持健康所必需的任务时受到限制 独立。虚弱是导致身体损伤的一个重要因素；事实上，软弱容易导致 OA 的身体限制增加了四倍。因为力量是健康长寿的重要因素， 需要更全面地了解虚弱的原因，以制定有针对性的干预措施 增强骨关节炎的力量和功能。虽然与年龄相关的肌肉质量和质量的损失是部分原因 对于虚弱，越来越多的证据表明神经激活缺陷与年龄相关 弱点。特别是，我们和其他人已经证明，与衰老和其他因素相关的弱点 某些情况（例如废用、受伤、败血症）部分是由于神经兴奋性低下所致。在这个应用程序中，我们寻求 从根本上增进我们对与年龄相关的机制和治疗策略的理解 通过转化人类（目标 1）和临床前啮齿动物（目标 2）造成的弱点和行动限制 总的来说，这些实验将提供强有力的数据，表明神经元之间存在因果关系 兴奋性低下和与年龄相关的虚弱。第一个目标将检验神经指数的假设 兴奋性低下与 OA 未来更大的（纵向）力量损失相关。在这里，我们将利用 来自先前 R01 的数据，用于对人类进行纵向研究，我们量化神经兴奋性指数， 老年人 8 岁左右的瘦体重、力量和活动能力。这些数据将用于确定相对 神经兴奋性和大腿瘦肉指数对老年人未来肌肉力量下降的影响 成人，具有考虑替代机制的稳健设计。通过在人体中使用纵向设计， 这一目标将为神经兴奋性作为年龄相关的关键预测因素提供最有力的证据 力量损失，这是一种范式转变，偏离了当前主要考虑肌肉因素（例如， 肌肉质量）。第二个目标将包括四个实验。实验 1-3 将使用 5-HT2c 激动剂 （氯卡色林）具有众所周知的作用机制，可增加持续的内向电流和运动神经元 兴奋性。 SA2.1 将检验 5-HT2c 激动剂之间存在倒 U 形关系的假设 年老小鼠的剂量和运动功能反应。 SA2.2 将检验 5-HT2c 激动剂会增强的假设 通过增加神经兴奋性来证明老年小鼠的运动功能降低 MN 兴奋性 是导致老年小鼠运动功能障碍的重要因素。 SA2.3将测试氯卡色林治疗的慢性影响 对老年小鼠运动单位数量和功能的影响。 SA2.4将测试他莫昔芬诱导基因缺失的影响 使用 Cre-Lox 系统对 MN 中的 5-HT2c 受体进行分析。从长远来看，这种概念验证、机制验证 这项工作可以作为神经治疗剂增强老年人运动功能的证据。