Nudging Nutrition: Setting Healthier Defaults in Stores and in Homes

推动营养：在商店和家庭中设置更健康的默认值

• 批准号: 7942737
• 负责人: BRIAN WANSINK
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7942737
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Body Weight decreased; Child; Consumption; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Diet; Eating; Effectiveness; Elasticity; Environment; Food; Gatekeeping; Health; Health Policy; Height; Home environment; Lead; Location; Measures; Nutritional; Obesity; Prevention; Price; Public Health; Randomized Controlled Trials; Sales; Supermarket; Taxes; Testing; Weight; Weight Gain; abstracting; base; consumer behavior; food consumption; improved; innovation; interest; nutrition; prevent; programs; psychologic

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application addresses broad Challenge Area 01: Behavior, Behavioral Change, and Prevention, and specific Challenge Topic 01-OD-101: Test default options to promote healthier behaviors. We propose a set of three related studies that target two critical locations for decision- making about food: the supermarket and the home. The first two studies focus on the supermarket environment to determine if setting new defaults - nutritional information or subsidies and/or taxes combined with nutrition information - encourage purchases of healthier food. The first study utilizes scanner data from before and after the implementation of an innovative supermarket point-of-purchase nutrition information program. Specifically, we test whether and how the implementation of the nutrition information program affected purchases of less healthy and more healthy foods, and how the implementation affected total store sales. We hypothesize that nutrition information decreases the sale of less healthy foods and increases the sale of healthy foods; the net effect on store sales is an empirical question. The second study conducts randomized controlled trials to measure the responsiveness of supermarket purchases to taxes on unhealthy foods and subsidies for healthy foods combined with point of purchase information on nutrition. We hypothesize that taxes will decrease purchases of unhealthy foods less than subsidies will increase purchases of healthy foods for psychological reasons, but the exact magnitude of the price elasticities will be of great interest for several reasons, including (1) a better understanding of consumer behavior regarding food and (2) projecting the impact of taxes and subsidies to encourage healthy eating and prevent obesity. We also hypothesize that the effect of taxes or subsidies will have a larger impact on increasing healthy food and reducing unhealthy food purchases when combined with nutrition information. The third study focuses on the home environment and will determine if setting new defaults - smaller plates, smaller utensils, and serving foods from kitchen counters rather than kitchen tables - influences the quantity of food people eat during meals at home. We hypothesize that the use of smaller plates will lead to lower consumption and therefore weight loss (in adults) As we expect children to gain weight at they grow, we will track BMI in relation to standard height/weight tables for the children. Collectively, these three studies will greatly enhance our understanding of how nutritional gatekeepers make decisions in two critical venues (the supermarket and the home) and will inform public health policy to promote healthy eating and to prevent obesity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will test the effectiveness of combining simple health based information with a tax levied on less healthy foods and subsidy on more healthy foods in trying to improve diets. Several studies have shown the taxes by themselves to be less effective. Further, we will examine the impact of home serving behaviors on food consumption.

描述（由申请人提供）：该应用程序解决了广泛的挑战领域 01：行为、行为改变和预防，以及具体的挑战主题 01-OD-101：测试默认选项以促进更健康的行为。我们提出了一组三项相关研究，针对食品决策的两个关键地点：超市和家庭。前两项研究重点关注超市环境，以确定是否设置新的默认设置（营养信息或补贴和/或税收与营养信息相结合）是否鼓励购买更健康的食品。第一项研究利用了创新超市购买点营养信息计划实施前后的扫描仪数据。具体来说，我们测试了营养信息计划的实施是否以及如何影响不太健康和更健康食品的购买，以及实施如何影响商店总销售额。我们假设营养信息会减少不太健康食品的销售并增加健康食品的销售；对商店销售的净影响是一个实证问题。第二项研究进行了随机对照试验，结合购买点的营养信息来衡量超市采购对不健康食品征税和健康食品补贴的反应。我们假设，由于心理原因，税收减少不健康食品购买量的幅度小于补贴增加健康食品购买量的幅度，但价格弹性的确切大小将引起人们极大的兴趣，原因有几个，包括（1）更好地理解消费者行为(2) 预测税收和补贴对鼓励健康饮食和预防肥胖的影响。我们还假设，与营养信息相结合，税收或补贴的效果将对增加健康食品和减少不健康食品的购买产生更大的影响。第三项研究侧重于家庭环境，并将确定设置新的默认设置（较小的盘子、较小的器皿以及从厨房柜台而不是餐桌上提供食物）是否会影响人们在家用餐时吃的食物量。我们假设使用较小的盘子会导致消耗量减少，从而减轻体重（成人）。由于我们预计儿童在成长过程中体重会增加，因此我们将根据儿童的标准身高/体重表跟踪体重指数。总的来说，这三项研究将极大地增强我们对营养守门人如何在两个关键场所（超市和家庭）做出决策的理解，并将为促进健康饮食和预防肥胖的公共卫生政策提供信息。 公共健康相关性：该项目将测试将简单的健康信息与对不太健康食品征税和对更健康食品提供补贴相结合以改善饮食的有效性。多项研究表明，税收本身的效果较差。此外，我们将研究家庭服务行为对食物消费的影响。