Alcohol Response, Cognitive Impairment, and Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences

酒精反应、认知障碍和酒精相关的负面后果

基本信息

批准号：
8203163
负责人：
Patrick Donovan Quinn
金额：
$ 3.67万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8203163
关键词：
Acute Aggressive behavior Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcoholic Intoxication Alcohols Automobile Driving Behavior Behavioral Behavioral inhibition Blood alcohol level measurement Cognitive Collection Crime Cues Dangerous Behavior Data Data Collection Development Dose Environment Event Failure Genetic Goals Gold Health Care Costs Heart Rate Heavy Drinking Impaired cognition Impairment Individual Individual Differences Injury Intervention Laboratories Libido Limb structure Link Literature Measures Mediating Methodology Methods Molecular Monitor Nature Online Systems Outcome Participant Patient Self-Report Phase Physical aggression Physiological Placebo Control Placebo Effect Population Property Protocols documentation Psychomotor Impairments Public Health Randomized Relative (related person)Reporting Research Risk Risk Factors Role Scientist Sex Behavior Simulate Stimulus Testing Theoretical model Time Training Unsafe Sex alcohol effect alcohol response alcohol use disorder base cognitive control design diaries drinking emerging adult experience improved innovation mortality prospective response sedative skills

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Among emerging adults, the public health costs of alcohol use are attributable in no small part to the effects of alcohol on other behavioral risks such as aggression, unsafe sex, and driving after drinking. A growing research literature demonstrates that alcohol intoxication decreases executive cognitive control, in particular impairing the ability to inhibit prepotent behavioral responses, and these effects may contribute to an increased propensity to engage in behavioral risks. A separate literature demonstrates that there is variability across the population in acute physiological and subjective responses to the effects of alcohol, with increasing recognition that alcohol responses reflect stable, genetically influenced individual differences. Research on alcohol responses, however, has largely focused on their role in the development of alcohol use disorders at the expense of examining their contributions to behavioral outcomes associated with acute alcohol intoxication. The proposed research will test the role of alcohol responses in predicting alcohol-related behavioral risks in the natural environment. In a first study phase, moderate-to-heavy drinking emerging adults will complete a within-subject, placebo-controlled alcohol challenge in a simulated bar environment to assess subjective and physiological alcohol responses and alcohol-induced inhibitory impairment. Greater alcohol responses are expected to be associated with greater alcohol-induced impairment in the inhibition of prepotent responses. In a second phase, the same participants will report on their alcohol use, subjective alcohol responses, and other behavioral risks using Web-based daily diaries. Greater alcohol responses in the lab will prospectively predict intoxicated behavioral risks as assessed in the event-level daily diaries, controlling for event-level alcohol responses and estimated blood alcohol concentration. Finally, greater alcohol-induced inhibitory impairment is expected to mediate the association between lab-based alcohol responses and event-level behavioral risks. The findings are expected to identify the event-level behavioral effects of greater alcohol responses. This project will integrate two separate lines of research by demonstrating that greater alcohol responses exacerbate the disinhibiting effects of alcohol on behavioral risks. These results will permit the incorporation of alcohol responses into theoretical models of the effects of alcohol on behavior and will help explain why some emerging adults are more likely to engage in harmful behaviors while intoxicated relative to others. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Alcohol use and disorders are most prevalent among emerging adults, and the adverse public health impact of alcohol use is largely attributable to alcohol's effects on other behavioral risks (e.g., physical aggression, unsafe sexual behaviors, driving after drinking). Importantly, however, not all emerging adults engage in these harmful behaviors when intoxicated, and our understanding of the effects of alcohol on behavior remains incomplete. This application proposes research to identify a mechanism underlying individual differences in the propensity to engage in behavioral risks as a function of alcohol responses, with the ultimate goal of improving the targeting and efficiency of interventions to reduce the public health costs of emerging-adult alcohol use.

描述（由申请人提供）：在新生成年人中，饮酒造成的公共卫生成本在很大程度上归因于酒精对其他行为风险的影响，例如攻击性、不安全性行为和酒后驾驶。越来越多的研究文献表明，酒精中毒会降低执行认知控制，特别是损害抑制优势行为反应的能力，而这些影响可能会导致行为风险的倾向增加。另一篇文献表明，不同人群对酒精影响的急性生理和主观反应存在差异，人们越来越认识到酒精反应反映了稳定的、受遗传影响的个体差异。然而，对酒精反应的研究主要集中在其在酒精使用障碍发展中的作用，而忽视了检查其对与急性酒精中毒相关的行为结果的贡献。拟议的研究将测试酒精反应在预测自然环境中与酒精相关的行为风险中的作用。在第一个研究阶段，中度至重度饮酒的新兴成年人将在模拟酒吧环境中完成受试者内的安慰剂对照酒精挑战，以评估主观和生理酒精反应以及酒精引起的抑制性损伤。预计更大的酒精反应与酒精引起的对优效反应抑制的更大损害有关。在第二阶段，这些参与者将使用基于网络的每日日记报告他们的饮酒情况、主观酒精反应和其他行为风险。实验室中更大的酒精反应将前瞻性地预测在事件级每日日记中评估的醉酒行为风险，控制事件级酒精反应和估计的血液酒精浓度。最后，预计更大的酒精引起的抑制性损伤将介导基于实验室的酒精反应和事件级行为风险之间的关联。预计这些发现将确定更大的酒精反应对事件水平的行为影响。该项目将整合两个不同的研究领域，证明更大的酒精反应会加剧酒精对行为风险的去抑制作用。这些结果将允许将酒精反应纳入酒精对行为影响的理论模型中，并将有助于解释为什么一些新兴成年人相对于其他人在醉酒时更有可能从事有害行为。公共卫生相关性：饮酒和疾病在新兴成年人中最为普遍，饮酒对公共健康的不利影响很大程度上归因于酒精对其他行为风险的影响（例如身体攻击、不安全的性行为、酒后驾驶）。然而，重要的是，并非所有新生成年人在醉酒时都会发生这些有害行为，而且我们对酒精对行为影响的理解仍然不完整。本申请提出的研究旨在确定作为酒精反应函数的行为风险倾向的个体差异背后的机制，最终目标是提高干预措施的针对性和效率，以降低新兴成人饮酒的公共卫生成本。