Coding of action by motor & premotor cortical ensembles

电机动作编码

• 批准号: 7807894
• 负责人: Nicholas G Hatsopoulos
• 金额: $ 37.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7807894
• 关键词: Anterior; Area; Behavior; Cells; Code; Complex; Development; Devices; Disabled Persons; Distal; Dorsal; Electrodes; Environment; Fingers; Food; Goals; Hand; Human; Implant; Injury; Knowledge acquisition; Lead; Lobule; Location; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Neurons; Optics; Parietal; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Plant Roots; Population; Primates; Prosthesis; Psychophysiology; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rotation; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Spinal cord damage; Statistical Models; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Work; Wrist; arm; density; digital; grasp; kinematics; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; spatiotemporal; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to understand how single neurons as well as ensembles of interacting neurons in multiple motor cortical areas coordinate proximal and distal components in reach-to-grasp behavior. Although psychophysical research has determined that prehensile movements involve the coordination of hand transport and grasp preshaping, very little is known about the cortical involvement in coordinating reach and grasp. Most electrophysiological recordings have focused on characterizing the firing of single cortical neurons in relation to either reaching or grasping movements separately. We will determine: 1) how single neurons within dorsal premotor (PMd), ventral premotor (PMv; F5), and primary motor (MI) cortical areas encode both reach and grasp components by explicitly characterizing the encoding of reach-to-grasp coordination; 2) whether there is a topographic organization of reach and grasp neurons within these three cortical areas; and 3) whether there are structured spatiotemporal patterns of spiking among simultaneously recorded neurons that mediate the coordination of reach-to-grasp. To accomplish this, high-density electrode arrays will be chronically implanted in MI, PMv, and PMd from which 100s of single units and local field potentials will be simultaneously recorded while monkeys reach for and grasp objects of different sizes, shapes, and orientations in different three-dimensional locations. A digital optical tracking system using a set of six infrared cameras will monitor the kinematics of the arm and hand during reach-to-grasp behavior. A set of statistical and mathematical methods will be employed to develop encoding models of reach-to-grasp that capture how single neuron spiking and neuronal ensemble activity participate in the coordination of hand transport and grip aperture kinematics. Decoding models will also be used to compare how well ensemble activity within MI, PMv, and PMd can reconstruct the reach and grasp kinematics. More complex reach-to-grasp movements involving obstacle avoidance and grasp of moving objects will be used to test whether these encoding and decoding models generalize to altered coordination patterns. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Coordinated reaching and grasping is a ubiquitous feature of human behavior that traces its evolutionary roots to primate foraging for food in arboreal environments and has allowed for the development of more complex actions including tool use and, ultimately, knowledge acquisition through direct contact. The proposed project will enhance our understanding of the cortical contribution to these coordinated behaviors which may lead to more effective rehabilitative treatments for motor disabled patients with cortical damage due to stroke or injury. This work also has direct relevance towards the development of a neuro-motor prosthesis by which spinal cord-damaged or ALS patients may be able to control grasp as well as transport components of artificial devices by activating ensembles of motor cortical neurons.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是了解多个运动皮质区域中单个神经元以及相互作用的神经元的合奏如何在接触到抓紧行为中坐标近端和远端成分。尽管心理物理研究确定，术前运动涉及手工运输和掌握预塑性的协调，但对于在协调覆盖范围和掌握的皮质参与方面，知之甚少。大多数电生理记录都集中在表征单独的皮质神经元与分别触及或抓握运动有关的发射。我们将确定：1）如何通过显式表征触及到格拉斯普的编码来明确表征触及范围和掌握组件的背侧前运动（PMD），腹前门（PMV; F5）和主电动机（MI）皮质区域的单个神经元; 2）在这三个皮质区域内是否存在覆盖范围的地形组织和掌握神经元； 3）同时记录的神经元之间是否有结构化的时空模式，这些神经元介导了触及到抓紧的配位。为此，高密度电极阵列将长期植入MI，PMV和PMD，同时记录100 s单元和局部田间电势，而猴子可以触及不同尺寸，形状和方向的物体，并抓住猴子不同的三维位置。使用一组六个红外摄像机的数字光跟踪系统将在触及抓紧行为期间监视手臂和手的运动学。将采用一组统计和数学方法来开发触及抓紧模型的编码模型，以捕获单个神经峰和神经元集合活性如何参与手工运输和握把孔径运动学的协调。解码模型还将用于比较MI，PMV和PMD中的集合活动的效果如何，可以重建覆盖范围和掌握运动学。涉及避免障碍物的更复杂的到达运动将使用移动对象的掌握，以测试这些编码和解码模型是否推广到改变的协调模式。公共卫生相关性：协调的到达和抓地力是人类行为的无处不在特征，它追溯了其进化的根源，可以在树木环境中为食物而觅食，并允许开发更复杂的行动，包括工具使用，最终通过直接接触知识掌握。拟议的项目将增强我们对这些协调行为的皮质贡献的理解，这可能会导致对由于中风或受伤而受皮质损害的运动障碍患者的更有效的康复治疗。这项工作还与神经运动假体的发展具有直接的相关性，通过该假体的发展，脊髓损伤或ALS患者可能能够通过激活运动皮质神经元的集合来控制人工设备的掌握以及人工设备的运输组件。