Transmission of KSHV/HHV-8 in South Africa

KSHV/HHV-8 在南非的传播

• 批准号: 7881661
• 负责人: Lisa Michelle Butler
• 金额: $ 12.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7881661
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Age; Applications Grants; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Factors; Biological Sciences; Blood; Body Fluids; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; Cancer Etiology; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Rearing; Childhood; Communicable Diseases; Country; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Development; Enrollment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Ethics; Family; Female; Foundations; Future; Goals; HIV; Health; Herpesviridae; Household; Human Herpesvirus 8; Incidence; Individual; Infant; Infection; Intervention; Investigation; Kaposi Sarcoma; Longitudinal Studies; Lymphocyte Count; Malignant Neoplasms; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Mothers; Newborn Infant; Persons; Plasma; Population Sciences; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Puberty; Questionnaires; RNA; Research; Resources; Role; Rural; Saliva; Salivary; Site; Socioeconomic Status; South Africa; Specimen; Time; Training; Viral; Virus Diseases; Work; Zimbabwe; career; caregiving; design; interdisciplinary approach; member; prevent; prospective; skills; therapy design; transmission process; viral DNA; virology

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes-virus (KSHV) is now known to be the viral etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma. In sub-Saharan Africa, the catastrophic intersection between an underlying endemic infection with KSHV and the HIV epidemic has resulted in KS becoming the most common malignancy among adults in many countries in this region as well as a growing cause of cancer in children. Despite rapid advances in KSHV virology, less is understood about KSHV epidemiology, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. What is known is that KSHV infection in Africa most commonly occurs in childhood, reaching adult level prevalence before puberty (20-60% depending on region), and that saliva is the body fluid that most commonly harbors KSHV. What is not known is specifically how KSHV is spread in Africa and how demographic, behavioral, and biologic factors influence transmission. The long-term goal of this research is to develop interventions to halt the spread of KSHV and ultimately prevent KS. The specific aims of this proposal are to: (1) Evaluate the prevalence and determinants of KSHV seropositivity in South African children and their caregivers, (2) Examine determinants of the shedding of KSHV in saliva among KSHV-infected individuals, (3) Develop quantitative measures for examining the determinants of incident KSHV infection in a longitudinal study, including the role of practices that expose children to saliva, intra- household relationships, and household characteristics; and (4) Determine the feasibility of a longitudinal study of South African children and their household members. The proposed research will utilize existing data and biological specimens previously collected by Dr. Butler and her mentors in domestic and African studies, as well as primary data collection in South Africa. The work is designed to provide the requisite preliminary data for a subsequent definitive longitudinal study of KSHV transmission in children in South Africa. The proposed training will provide Dr. Butler with the necessary skills in the population sciences, the biological sciences related to infectious diseases, and the ethical conduct of research in resource-poor settings needed for a research career that takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of infectious diseases that affect children and their families in resource-poor countries.

描述（由申请人提供）：Kaposi的肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）现在已知是Kaposi的肉瘤的病毒病因学剂。在撒哈拉以南非洲，与KSHV的潜在流行感染与HIV流行之间的灾难性交集导致KS成为该地区许多国家中许多成年人中最常见的恶性肿瘤，以及儿童癌症的日益严重。尽管KSHV病毒学取得了迅速的进步，但对KSHV流行病学的了解较少，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲。众所周知，非洲的KSHV感染最常见于童年时期，在青春期之前达到成人水平的患病率（取决于地区为20-60％），而唾液是最常见的体液，最常见的是KSHV。未知的是特别是KSHV如何在非洲传播，以及人口，行为和生物学因素如何影响传播。这项研究的长期目标是制定干预措施，以阻止KSHV的传播并最终防止KS。该提案的具体目的是： （1）评估南非儿童及其护理人员KSHV血清阳性的患病率和决定因素， （2）检查KSHV感染者中唾液中KSHV脱落的决定因素， （3）在一项纵向研究中制定定量措施，以检查KSHV感染的决定因素，包括将儿童暴露于唾液，家庭内关系和家庭特征的实践的作用；和 （4）确定对南非儿童及其家庭成员进行纵向研究的可行性。 拟议的研究将利用巴特勒博士及其指导者在国内和非洲研究中收集的现有数据和生物标本，以及南非的主要数据收集。这项工作旨在为随后的南非儿童KSHV传播的最终确定性纵向研究提供必要的初步数据。拟议的培训将为巴特勒博士提供人口科学的必要技能，与传染病有关的生物学科学以及研究职业所需的资源贫困环境中的研究伦理行为，该研究以多学科的方法来研究影响资源贫乏国家的儿童及其家庭的传染病研究。