Stereoscopic motion-in-depth perception: fMRI and neurophysiological studies

立体运动深度感知：功能磁共振成像和神经生理学研究

• 批准号: 7738468
• 负责人: Paul Douglas Gamlin
• 金额: $ 18.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2011-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7738468
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Accounting; Address; Animals; Anterior; Architecture; Area; Back; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Characteristics; Code; Complex; Cues; Data; Defect; Depth Perception; Diagnosis; Diplopia; Electrodes; Eye; Eye Movements; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Fundus; Grant; Health; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Location; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; Movement; Neurons; Perception; Population; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Design; Resolution; Retinal; Signal Transduction; Speed; Staging; Stimulus; Strabismus; Structure; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translating; Visual Fields; base; blood oxygen level dependent; design; insight; interest; intraparietal sulcus; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; novel; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sample fixation; stereoscopic; visual stimulus

Description (provided by applicant): This R21 exploratory proposal is designed to advance the integration of high field fMRI in alert macaque monkeys with "informed" neurophysiology, and to apply it in addressing a long-standing research question regarding the neural processing of stereoscopic 3-D motion. Stereo and motion are usually studied separately, and the cortical regions involved in the binocular perception of motion-in-depth in macaque monkeys are poorly characterized, while those for cyclopean (solely disparity-based) stereomotion perception are unknown. However, in humans, recent studies have identified specialized brain regions specifically involved in cyclopean stereomotion processing, including one near the motion complex hMT+, termed the cyclopean stereomotion region. We have developed techniques for performing fMRI studies at high-field in alert, behaving macaques. Therefore, employing the same visual stimuli as used in humans, we will use fMRI to identify cyclopean stereomotion regions in macaques, and to then characterize neuronal responses within one targeted region. The planned studies are relevant to health, since visual field deficits in stereomotion processing are closely correlated with deficits in vergence eye movements, and the same defect in binocular interaction appears to underlie both abnormal behaviors. Studies of the neural processing of stereomotion in non-human primates will not only provide insights into the cortical areas involved in processing this motion information and in controlling vergence eye movements, but will also potentially aid in the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus and diplopia. Specifically, using fMRI we will examine the cortical areas activated by cyclopean, motion-in-depth stimuli presented with dynamic random-dot stereograms (DRDS). These stimuli will be contrasted with appropriate, fixed-disparity DRDS stimuli. Our preliminary fMRI data from macaques have identified two well-localized foci of activation with these stimuli: one in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) in a location that partially coincides with MSTv, and the other is in the intraparietal sulcus. Next, since this is an exploratory grant of limited duration, we will concentrate our neurophysiological studies on the well-localized focus of activation within the STS. Specifically, using MRI-guided electrode placement in this targeted region, we will search for responsive neurons while the animals view cyclopean, motion-in-depth DRDS stimuli with the only cue to motion-in-depth being the change in disparity over time (CD). Next, using these stimuli, we will determine the receptive field size and location, and the speed tuning and z-axis directional selectivity of the neurons. Then, using RDS stimuli that possess both CD and interocular velocity difference motion-in-depth cues, we will examine neuronal response when both binocular cues to motion-in-depth are present. We will further characterize neuronal responses to stereomotion stimuli with frontoparallel and oblique trajectories, and during vergence eye movements. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Accurate binocular alignment of the eyes on targets at different distances requires precisely coordinated movements of the two eyes, known as vergence eye movements; individuals with deficits in vergence eye movements are often strabismic and report diplopia (double-vision). Visual field deficits in stereomotion processing are closely correlated with deficits in vergence eye movements, and it has been suggested that the same defect in binocular interaction underlies both abnormal behaviors (Regan et al., 1986). Our studies of the neural processing of cyclopean stereomotion in non-human primates will not only provide fundamental insights into the cortical mechanisms involved in processing this motion information and in controlling vergence eye movements, but will also potentially aid in the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus and diplopia.

描述（由申请人提供）：该R21探索性提案旨在推进高场fMRI与“猕猴”中的高场合与“知情”神经生理学的整合，并将其应用于解决有关立体3-D运动神经处理的长期研究问题。立体声和运动通常是单独研究的，猕猴中涉及双眼运动深度感知的皮质区域的特征很差，而对于Cyclopece（仅基于差异）的立体情绪感知的皮质区域却未知。然而，在人类中，最近的研究确定了专门参与Cyclopecepepen Contereomotion处理的专业大脑区域，其中包括靠近运动复合物HMT+的一项，称为Cyclepecepepean Stereomotion区域。我们已经开发了用于在高场进行机敏性研究的技术，以表现出猕猴。因此，采用与人类使用的相同视觉刺激，我们将使用fMRI来识别猕猴中的环形立体情绪区域，然后表征一个靶向区域内的神经元反应。计划的研究与健康有关，因为立体函数处理中的视野缺陷与Gergence眼运动中的缺陷密切相关，并且双眼相互作用的相同缺陷似乎是这两个异常行为的基础。对非人类灵长类动物的立体态度的神经加工的研究不仅可以为处理此运动信息和控制Gergence Eye运动所涉及的皮质区域提供见解，而且还将有助于诊断和治疗斜视和文会。具体而言，使用fMRI，我们将检查由环欧激活的皮质区域，并以动态随机点立体图（DRD）呈现深入的运动刺激。这些刺激将与适当的，固定的DRDS刺激形成对比。我们来自猕猴的FMRI初步数据已经通过这些刺激鉴定了两个稳定的激活灶：一个在颞上沟（STS）中，一个与MSTV部分重合的位置，另一个位于肠内沟中。接下来，由于这是对持续时间有限的探索性授予，因此我们将将神经生理研究集中在STS内良好的活化重点上。具体而言，使用MRI引导的电极放置在该靶向区域中，我们将搜索响应性神经元，而动物观察Cyclepean，深入运动的DRDS刺激，唯一深入运动的提示是随时间变化的变化（CD）。接下来，使用这些刺激，我们将确定接收场的大小和位置，以及神经元的速度调整和z轴定向选择性。然后，使用具有CD和眼部速度差异的RDS刺激，当两个双眼线索都存在于深度运动中时，我们将检查神经元反应。我们将进一步表征对立体刺激的神经元反应，并具有额叶和倾斜的轨迹，以及在Gergence Eye运动中。公共卫生相关性准确的双眼比对在不同距离的目标上需要精确的两只眼睛的协调运动，称为Gergence Eye运动。在眼睛运动中缺乏障碍的人通常是斜视和报告复视（双重视觉）。立体函数处理中的视野缺陷与Gergence眼运动中的缺陷密切相关，并且有人提出双眼相互作用中相同的缺陷是这两种异常行为的基础（Regan等，1986）。我们对非人类灵长类动物中环欧立体敏锐的神经加工的研究不仅将提供对处理此运动信息和控制Gergence Eye运动所涉及的皮质机制的基本见解，而且还将有助于跨越和治疗Strabismus and Viveropia。