Impact of Well-Timed vs. Mis-timed Sleep Extension on Adolescents’ Dietary Intake

适时延长睡眠与不适时延长睡眠对青少年膳食摄入量的影响

• 批准号: 10683960
• 负责人: Dean W. Beebe
• 金额: $ 72.82万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10683960
• 关键词: 18 year old; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Beds; Biological Clocks; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Body mass index; Calories; Characteristics; Childhood; Circadian desynchrony; Consumption; Data; Development; Diet; Dietary Assessment; Dietary Practices; Dietary intake; Energy Intake; Food; Foundations; Future; Goals; Health; Individual; Individual Differences; Intake; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Link; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Mediating; Morbidity - disease rate; Obesity; Persons; Phase; Physical activity; Play; Population; Population Study; Prevention program; Race; Randomized; Research; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Role; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Strigiformes; Testing; Time; Translating; Weight; Work; Youth; causal model; circadian; dietary; experimental study; food consumption; high risk; improved; improvement on sleep; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; novel; obesity development; obesity in children; obesity prevention; obesity risk; programs; public health intervention; response; sex; sleep quality; success; vulnerable adolescent; wasting; week trial

Project Summary Recent research shows that sleep could play a novel role in preventing obesity and long-term morbidity. Population studies find that too little sleep predicts the development of obesity and experimental studies show that short sleep increases dietary intake without increasing physical activity. Sleep may be a particularly potent intervention target for adolescents. During adolescence, inadequate sleep is very common, obesity rates are rising most, non-sleep-oriented obesity prevention programs have had least success, and young people can develop enduring dietary patterns that set the stage for life-long obesity and health risk. Our lab has shown both the promise of longer sleep for adolescents and a critical knowledge gap. We found that extending adolescents’ sleep via earlier bedtimes impressively reduced caloric intake for early chronotypes (“Morning Larks”; who prefer early bed- and rise times), but not late chronotypes (“Night Owls”; who prefer late bed- and rise times). The effect was not only statistically strong, but at roughly 400 calories difference per day, could add up to major shifts in body weight over time. Beyond calorie counts, there was a similar discrepancy in the glycemic load consumed by Larks and Owls after sleep extension, and glycemic load has been independently linked to long-term morbidity. We assert that the discrepancy in how Larks and Owls responded to longer sleep is due to circadian misalignment: a mismatch between the timing of external sleep-wake demands and internal biological clock. We propose that, for adolescent Owls, an early-to-bed intervention induces misaligned sleep timing that counters the benefits of longer sleep duration. In adults, severe circadian misalignment dramatically increases the risk for obesity, and even modest misalignment is linked to higher caloric intake. If a cause-effect relationship holds in adolescence, common sleep advice emphasizing earlier bedtimes might waste limited resources or even do harm for Owls. In contrast, an approach that considers chronotype might capitalize on the potent effect of improved sleep that we have shown for Larks. Here, we propose a novel experimental study in which 124 healthy 14- 18-year-olds (62 Owls and 62 Larks) complete a 3-week trial involving periods of sleep restriction and sleep extension, in which the extension periods are randomly assigned to be aligned vs. misaligned relative to chronotype. Focusing independently on caloric intake and glycemic load, we will assess the dietary effect of sleep extension when it is well-timed versus poorly-timed relative to adolescents’ internal clocks. We will test a causal model in which sleep timing plays an important role in promoting or negating the benefits of sleep extension. This is pivotal next step for our research program, which has shown the promise of sleep extension to prevent obesity and morbidity, but so far only for early chronotypes (Larks). At the end of this study, we anticipate having the knowledge needed to better harness the power of sleep to prevent obesity and long-term morbidity for at-risk youth, laying the foundation for more effective public health interventions.

项目概要 最近的研究表明，睡眠可以在预防肥胖和长期发病方面发挥新的作用。 人口研究发现睡眠过少预示着肥胖的发生和实验研究 表明短睡眠会增加饮食摄入量而不增加体力活动。 对于青少年来说，睡眠不足是特别有效的干预目标。 常见的是，肥胖率上升最多，而非睡眠导向的肥胖预防计划上升最少 成功，年轻人可以养成持久的饮食模式，为终身肥胖奠定基础 我们的实验室已经证明了青少年睡眠时间更长的希望和关键知识。 我们发现，通过早睡来延长青少年的睡眠时间可以显着减少热量摄入。 早的生物钟类型（“早起的百灵鸟”；喜欢早睡早起的人），但不喜欢晚的生物钟类型（“夜晚”） 猫头鹰”；喜欢晚睡晚起的人）这一效应不仅在统计上很强，而且大约为 400。 每天的卡路里差异，随着时间的推移，可能会导致体重的重大变化，除了卡路里计数之外， 延长睡眠时间后，百灵鸟和猫头鹰消耗的血糖负荷也有类似的差异， 我们断言，血糖负荷与长期发病率之间的差异是独立的。 百灵鸟和猫头鹰对更长睡眠的反应是由于昼夜节律失调造成的：昼夜节律之间的不匹配 我们建议，对于青少年猫头鹰来说，外部睡眠-觉醒需求和内部生物钟的时间安排。 早睡干预会导致睡眠时间错位，从而抵消了较长睡眠的好处 对于成年人来说，严重的昼夜节律失调会大大增加肥胖的风险，甚至会增加肥胖的风险。 如果青春期存在因果关系，则适度的失调与较高的热量摄入有关。 强调早睡的常见睡眠建议可能会浪费有限的资源，甚至对身体造成伤害 相比之下，考虑时间型的方法可能会利用改进的有效效果。 在这里，我们提出了一项新颖的实验研究，其中 124 名健康的 14- 18 岁的人（62 名猫头鹰和 62 名百灵鸟）完成了为期 3 周的试验，其中包括睡眠限制期和睡眠期 扩展，其中扩展周期被随机分配为相对于对齐或未对齐 我们将独立关注热量摄入和血糖负荷，评估饮食效果。 相对于青少年的生物钟而言，睡眠时间的延长时间是否合适我们会。 测试一个因果模型，其中睡眠时间在促进或否定睡眠的益处方面发挥着重要作用 这是我们研究计划的关键下一步，该计划已显示出睡眠的希望。 延长以防止肥胖和发病，但到目前为止仅适用于早期睡眠型（Larks）。 研究中，我们预计拥有更好地利用睡眠的力量来预防肥胖所需的知识 以及高危青少年的长期发病率，为更有效的公共卫生干预措施奠定了基础。