A Multimodal Study of Human Chromatic Pathways

人类色彩通路的多模态研究

• 批准号: 7887088
• 负责人: Alexander R. Wade
• 金额: $ 27.71万
• 依托单位: SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7887088
• 关键词: Address; Attention; Blindness; Complex; Diabetes Mellitus; Electroencephalography; Exhibits; Feedback; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Glaucoma; Homologous Gene; Human; Image; Immune; Inherited; Lateral; Lateral Geniculate Body; Light; Location; Macaca; Maps; Measures; Modeling; Motion; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Ocular Prosthesis; Pathway interactions; Pear; Play; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Resolution; Retina; Retinal Cone; Retinal Diseases; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Role; Short Waves; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Source; Specific qualifier value; Staging; Stimulus; Synapses; Techniques; Testing; Thalamic structure; V1 neuron; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual attention; Visual system structure; area MT; area V1; area striata; attentional modulation; base; density; extrastriate visual cortex; interest; koniocellular; luminance; magnocellular; novel; parvocellular; relating to nervous system; research study; response; restoration; spatiotemporal; stem cell therapy; visual deprivation; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Three neural pathways carry information from the retina to cortex: the parvocellular (PC) and magnocellular (MC) pathways, driven by the dense arrays of long (L-) and medium (M-) wave-sensitive cone cells, and the koniocellular (KC) pathway, driven by differences between the L- and M- cone signals and signals from the sparser array of short-wave- sensitive (S) cones. Relatively little is known about the KC pathway but it appears to be an independent, rapid and developmentally-robust input to visual cortex. We will ask three questions about this pathway: (1) When and where do KC pathway signals reach cortex? (2) How do KC signals interact with luminance and chromatic signals from the other pathways? (3) Does the KC pathway play a privileged role in the feedback from visual cortex to the thalamus? We will use a tightly-integrated combination of fMRI, high-density EEG and psychophysics to address these questions in humans. We will use fMRI to map visual areas in each subject. We will then use high-density EEG and distributed source imaging to study KC signals in those visual areas with high temporal resolution. We will also use fMRI to measure KC signals in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Finally, we will use psychophysics to measure the perceptual correlates of these signals. Answers to these questions will elucidate the normal function of the early visual system. They will also shed light on the visual deficits caused by retinal diseases that cause early degeneration of S-cones. These include glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, and HIV-related vision loss. Finally, because of its unusual properties (rapid input to lateral cortex, lack of plasticity during long-term visual deprivation), the KC pathway may represent an important alternative target for vision restoration therapies including stem cell therapy and visual prostheses. Understanding the type of information that can be transmitted to cortex through this pathway is therefore of considerable interest.

描述（由申请人提供）：三个神经途径从视网膜到皮质传递信息：由长（l-）和中（M-）波敏感性锥细胞的密集阵列驱动的偏小区（PC）和大细胞（MC）途径，以及koniocelocellular（kc）路径的驱动，并由koniocelocellular（kc）途径驱动，并由L-和M-sirne ships sivers sivers signers表示。敏感的锥。关于KC途径的知之甚少，但它似乎是对视觉皮层的独立，快速且在发育中的输入。我们会问有关此途径的三个问题：（1）KC途径在何时何地到达皮层？ （2）KC信号如何与其他途径的亮度和色度信号相互作用？ （3）KC途径在从视觉皮层到丘脑的反馈中是否发挥特权作用？我们将使用fMRI，高密度脑电图和心理物理学的紧密集成组合来解决人类的这些问题。我们将使用fMRI绘制每个主题中的视觉区域。然后，我们将使用高密度的EEG和分布式源成像来研究具有高时间分辨率的视觉区域的KC信号。我们还将使用fMRI测量横向元音核（LGN）中的KC信号。最后，我们将使用心理物理学来衡量这些信号的感知相关性。这些问题的答案将阐明早期视觉系统的正常功能。他们还将阐明导致S-Cones早期变性的视网膜疾病引起的视觉缺陷。其中包括青光眼，色素性视网膜炎，糖尿病和与HIV相关的视力丧失。最后，由于其不寻常的特性（对横向皮质的快速输入，长期视觉剥夺期间缺乏可塑性），KC途径可能代表了视觉恢复疗法在内的重要替代靶标，包括干细胞疗法和视觉假体。因此，了解可以通过此途径传输到皮质的信息类型引起了极大的兴趣。