Personality and Mortality Risk in Adulthood: Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms

成年期的人格和死亡风险：行为和生理机制

• 批准号: 10645631
• 负责人: Nicholas Andrew Turiano
• 金额: $ 15.09万
• 依托单位: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-15 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10645631
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Baby Booms; Behavior; Behavioral; Cardiovascular Physiology; Cardiovascular system; Clinical; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Data Sources; Demographic Factors; Deterioration; Diet Habits; Disease; Drug usage; Elderly; Emotional; Equation; Gender; Generations; Goals; Health; Health Care Visit; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Heterogeneity; Illicit Drugs; Immune; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; International; Intervention; Intuition; Knowledge; Life Expectancy; Longevity; Longitudinal cohort study; Measurement; Measures; Mediation; Meta-Analysis; Metabolic; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurotic Disorders; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Character; Personality Development; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physical activity; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Physiology; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Premature Mortality; Premature aging syndrome; Preventive healthcare; Process; Psychological Factors; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Sampling; Socioeconomic Status; Statistical Methods; Stress; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; age group; aged; aging population; anxious; archived data; cohort; combat; expectation; follow-up; health care service utilization; healthy aging; human old age (65+); immune function; improved; innovation; interest; intervention refinement; longitudinal design; mortality; mortality risk; multiple datasets; physical conditioning; physical inactivity; poor sleep; premature; psychologic; sedentary; sleep behavior; theories; therapy development; tool; trait

Sufficient evidence now exists that individual differences in personality traits are associated with lifespan health outcomes and longevity. Interests have shifted from these basic examinations of personality-health associations to identifying the precise mechanisms explaining why psychological traits predict health and longevity. Exploring how health behaviors and physiological function act as conduits by which personality impacts health is the logical next step of future research. Specifically, individuals scoring higher in neuroticism and lower in conscientiousness are more likely to use tobacco, illicit drugs, and greater quantities of alcohol, and are also more likely to be sedentary and have poor dietary habits. These behaviors are some of the leading behavioral contributors to poor health and increased mortality risk among older adults. Moreover, these trait levels are also associated with increased cardiovascular deterioration, impaired immune function, and unhealthy metabolic levels. Although it seems intuitive that individuals with certain personality characteristics engage in certain behaviors which over time will deteriorate physiological health and shorten the lifespan, the empirical evidence to support these explanatory pathways is lacking. Without a clearer understanding of how these processes unfold over the lifespan, the development of interventions to combat premature aging will be limited. Thus, the short-term goal of this proposal parallels NIA strategic directions to identify mechanisms through which psychological factors exert their effects on the aging process, but it also parallels the NIA long- term goal agenda of developing foundational knowledge to be used in the creation of interventions that maintain health and increase a healthy lifespan. The central hypothesis of the current proposal is that certain personality characteristics will lead to engagement in health behaviors (e.g., greater alcohol, tobacco, drug use, physical inactivity, lower health care utilization, and poor sleep habits) that will lead to dysregulation of key physiological systems, that ultimately will result in an increased mortality risk. To accomplish these goals, the proposal will utilize a coordinated analysis framework to analyze 12 archival data sources that include over 44,000 participants. Key factors to this proposal include: 1) a diverse population where generalizability of findings can be tested via replication and meta-analytic techniques; 2) analysis of repeated measures of personality, health behaviors, and objective measures of physiology to determine how change unfolds over time and establish temporal ordering of pathways; and 3) the use of sophisticated mediation analyses conducted in a structural equation modeling framework to provide the statistical evidence of direct/indirect effects. Overall, the proposed research is significant because it explores how modifiable psychological constructs impact behavior, physiology, and longevity over time. Understanding how these processes unfold in a large sample using diverse measures will provide the statistical evidence needed to support the development of interventions aimed at improving aging outcomes.

现在有足够的证据表明人格特质的个体差异与寿命健康有关 结果和寿命。兴趣已经从这些人格健康的基本检查转移 关联来确定精确的机制，解释为什么心理特征可以预测健康和 长寿。探索健康行为和生理功能如何充当人格的管道 影响健康是未来研究合乎逻辑的下一步。具体来说，神经质得分较高的个体 责任心较低的人更有可能使用烟草、非法药物和大量饮酒， 并且也更有可能久坐并有不良的饮食习惯。这些行为是一些 导致老年人健康状况不佳和死亡风险增加的主要行为因素。而且，这些 特质水平还与心血管恶化、免疫功能受损以及 不健康的代谢水平。尽管从直觉上看，具有某些个性特征的个体 从事某些行为，随着时间的推移，这些行为会恶化生理健康并缩短寿命， 缺乏支持这些解释途径的经验证据。如果没有更清楚地了解如何 这些过程在整个生命周期中展开，因此对抗过早衰老的干预措施的开发将是 有限的。因此，该提案的短期目标与 NIA 确定机制的战略方向相一致 心理因素通过这种方式对衰老过程产生影响，但它也与NIA长期研究相似。 开发基础知识以用于制定干预措施的长期目标议程 保持健康并延长健康寿命。当前提案的中心假设是，某些 人格特征将导致健康行为（例如，更多地酗酒、吸烟、吸毒） 的使用、缺乏身体活动、较低的医疗保健利用率和不良的睡眠习惯），这些都会导致关键的功能失调 生理系统，最终将导致死亡风险增加。为了实现这些目标， 该提案将利用协调分析框架来分析 12 个档案数据源，其中包括超过 44,000 名参与者。该提案的关键因素包括：1）多样化的人群，其中的普遍性 可以通过复制和荟萃分析技术来测试研究结果； 2）重复测量分析 性格、健康行为和客观的生理测量来确定变化如何展开 时间并建立路径的时间顺序； 3）使用复杂的中介分析 在结构方程建模框架中进行，以提供直接/间接的统计证据 影响。总体而言，拟议的研究意义重大，因为它探讨了如何改变心理 随着时间的推移，构建影响行为、生理和寿命。了解这些过程如何展开 使用不同措施的大样本将提供支持发展所需的统计证据 旨在改善老龄化结果的干预措施。