Effects of Stereotype Threat on Impulsivity and Its Relation to Alcohol Use in African Americans: An fMRI Study

刻板印象威胁对非裔美国人冲动的影响及其与饮酒的关系：一项功能磁共振成像研究

• 批准号: 10381703
• 负责人: URAINA S. CLARK
• 金额: $ 60.65万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10381703
• 关键词: Addictive Behavior; Adult; Affect; Affective; African American; African American population; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; American; Anterior; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cirrhosis; Clinical; Communities; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Dependence; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; European; Exhibits; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Impulsivity; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Measures; Mediating; Methods; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Nature; Participant; Public Health; Race; Randomized; Research; Rest; Risk Behaviors; Stereotyping; Stigmatization; Stimulus; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; System; Visit; alcohol measurement; alcohol misuse; alcohol misuse prevention; alcohol response; alcohol risk; alcohol use disorder; clinically relevant; cognitive control; cognitive process; design; discounting; disorder risk; drinking behavior; experience; follow-up; innovation; insight; mortality; neural correlate; neurobehavioral; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; prevent; preventive intervention; programs; relating to nervous system; resilience; social; social culture; social determinants; social factors; stressor; substance use; therapy development

Summary African Americans experience higher rates of alcohol-related sequalae (e.g., cirrhosis, mortality) relative to their European American counterparts. It is thus critical from a public health perspective that we gain a deep understanding of the unique factors contributing to alcohol use behaviors in African American individuals. To this end, many studies have focused on understanding how social and environmental factors (social determinants) contribute to increased alcohol use among African Americans. Yet, the mechanisms through which these social determinants affect alcohol use behaviors are poorly understood, resulting in an absence of vital information needed to enhance alcohol use disorders (AUD) prevention and intervention strategies. We have recently shown that exposure to a common stressor, stereotype threat, is associated with increases in impulsivity – a key mediating mechanism of AUD risk. Stereotype threat (ST) is a behavioral phenomenon that arises when cues in the environment evoke negative stereotypes associated with an individual’s group, triggering cognitive processes that adversely impact behavior. An enduring stereotype of African American communities is that they experience high levels of alcohol/substance use. We have shown that exposure to these negative race-related stereotypes elevates impulsivity. Further, our data reveal that this increase in impulsivity correlates with alcohol use among African Americans. These findings reveal ST-induced impulsivity as a novel correlate of AUD-risk behaviors. In line with NIAAA’s goal to develop a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms contributing to AUD risk, we propose to investigate the neural mechanisms associated with ST-induced impulsivity. We will further assess whether these neural mechanisms are associated with alcohol use behaviors among African American adults. Participants will include 280 African American adults who regularly consume alcohol. While undergoing functional MRI, all will complete a measure of impulsivity administered both before and after an ST exposure manipulation. This manipulation will utilize a 2x2x2 between-subjects design to systematically manipulate exposure to a verbal ST prime, race-related stimuli, and AUD-related stimuli in order to assess the effects of these exposures, independently and combined, on neural systems involved in impulsive decision-making. Alcohol use behaviors will be assessed outside of the scanner. We predict that ST exposure will lead to shifts within affect-related and cognitive control-related brain regions. To increase clinical impact, we will assess the relation of ST-induced shifts in impulsivity and brain response to alcohol use behaviors. Results from the proposed study will enrich our understanding of how sociocultural, behavioral, and neural factors combine to influence AUD risk behaviors. In addition, our results will provide greater insights into the neural systems implicated in AUD-risk – systems that could serve as targets for novel strategies that enhance resilience.

概括 与非裔美国人相比，非裔美国人与酒精相关的后遗症（例如肝硬化、死亡率）发生率更高 因此，从公共卫生的角度来看，我们获得深入的了解至关重要。 了解导致非裔美国人饮酒行为的独特因素。 为此，许多研究都集中于了解社会和环境因素（social 决定因素）导致非裔美国人饮酒量增加，然而，这些机制是通过以下方式实现的。 人们对酒精影响使用行为的这些社会决定因素知之甚少，导致缺乏 加强酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 预防和干预策略所需的重要信息。 最近的研究表明，暴露于一种常见的压力源——刻板印象威胁，与 冲动 – AUD 风险的关键中介机制 刻板印象威胁 (ST) 是一种行为现象。 当环境中的暗示唤起与个人群体相关的负面刻板印象时，就会出现， 触发对行为产生不利影响的认知过程 对非裔美国人的持久刻板印象。 我们已经证明，他们接触过大量酒精/药物。 此外，我们的数据显示，这些与种族相关的负面刻板印象会增加冲动。 非洲裔美国人的冲动与饮酒相关。这些发现揭示了 ST 引起的冲动。 作为 AUD 风险行为的新颖关联，符合 NIAAA 制定更彻底的目标。 了解导致澳元风险的机制后，我们建议研究神经机制 我们将进一步评估这些神经机制是否与 ST 诱发的冲动有关。 与非裔美国成年人饮酒行为相关的研究参与者将包括 280 名非洲人。 经常饮酒的美国成年人在接受功能性核磁共振检查时，都会完成一项测量。 在 ST 暴露操作之前和之后进行的冲动性操作将利用一个。 2x2x2 受试者间设计，系统地操纵与种族相关的口头 ST 素数的暴露 刺激和 AUD 相关刺激，以便独立和评估这些暴露的影响 结合起来，将对参与冲动决策的神经系统进行评估。 我们预测 ST 暴露将导致情感相关和认知方面的转变。 为了增加临床影响，我们将评估 ST 引起的变化的关系。 冲动和大脑对饮酒行为的反应将丰富我们的研究结果。 了解社会文化、行为和神经因素如何共同影响 AUD 风险行为。 此外，我们的结果将为澳元风险所涉及的神经系统提供更深入的见解——系统 可以作为增强复原力的新战略的目标。