Effects of peer victimization on physiological markers of threat sensitivity in adolescents

同伴受害对青少年威胁敏感性生理标志的影响

• 批准号: 10449011
• 负责人: Hilary Marusak
• 金额: $ 23.1万
• 依托单位: WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10449011
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Baseline Surveys; Biological; Blinking; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Cognitive Therapy; Data; Deltastab; Detection; Development; Emotional; Emotional disorder; Ethnic Origin; Exhibits; Female; Foundations; Fright; Future; Gender; Goals; Health Status; Interruption; Investigation; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Mental Health; Modification; Nature; Neurobiology; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Perception; Physiological; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Process; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Seeds; Series; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Surveys; Taxes; Testing; Time; Trauma; Variant; Victimization; Work; Youth; anxiety symptoms; anxiety treatment; base; bullying; child and adolescent victimization; childhood adversity; cognitive benefits; cost; design; diagnostic tool; early life adversity; emotional distress; experience; follow up assessment; follow-up; high risk; indexing; innovation; neglect; neuroimaging; novel; peer; peer victimization; preventive intervention; prospective; psychobiologic; response; sex; social; social exclusion; social relationships; stem; stressor; therapeutic target

Bullying, or peer victimization, is a particularly salient stressor that affects over 5 million adolescents in the US every year, regardless of ethnicity, gender, or socioeconomic status. During adolescence, when concerns with fitting in and gaining peer approval are heightened, experiences of peer abuse can elicit emotional distress and fear of continued harassment. Indeed, work by MPI Schacter and others implicates peer victimization as a unique prospective risk factor for anxiety during adolescence and indicates that chronic victims are two to three times more likely to develop an anxiety disorder than their nonvictimized peers. Moreover, whereas overt (i.e., physical or verbal) victimization becomes less frequent as children get older, relational victimization (i.e., damage to social relationships) remains common and becomes increasingly emotionally taxing during adolescence. Despite the strong and pervasive link between relational peer victimization and the development of anxiety during adolescence, little is known about the underlying psychobiological mechanisms that account for and maintain such associations. Given that stress-related biological alterations can predate mental health problems and current treatments for anxiety are costly and intensive, it is crucial to identify malleable therapeutic targets that can mitigate the emotional toll of peer trauma. The proposed R21 will evaluate threat sensitivity as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of anxiety in peer victimized youth. The project will be the first to examine the unique effects of peer victimization on physiological responses to threat during adolescence and evaluate the prospective effect of aberrant threat sensitivity on adolescent anxiety. In particular, we predict 1) compared to less victimized adolescents, more frequently victimized adolescents will exhibit an exaggerated physiological response to potential threat during two validated tasks; 2) heightened physiological threat responses will prospectively predict adolescent anxiety. MPI Marusak and co-I Jovanovic have used these approaches in other pediatric populations in previous and ongoing studies, and have demonstrated that threat biases (i.e., heightened arousal to potential threat) partially stem from childhood adversities, such as being the target of familial abuse or neglect. However, the proposed study will be the first to examine prospective associations among peer victimization, physiological markers of threat sensitivity, and anxiety in adolescents. This novel line of work will directly inform future investigations examining threat sensitivity as a mechanism and provide initial support for threat sensitivity as an important diagnostic tool to 1) identify peer victimized youth who are at the greatest risk for developing anxiety and may benefit from cognitive bias modification or other threat sensitivity reduction approaches, and 2) inform the design and modification of developmentally sensitive cognitive behavioral intervention approaches. The proposed study provides a foundation for future research incorporating a larger sample and neuroimaging measures to longitudinally examine peer victimization as an impetus for neurobiological changes that increase anxiety risk.

欺凌或同伴受害是一种特别突出的压力源，影响着美国超过 500 万青少年 每年，无论种族、性别或社会经济地位如何。青春期的时候，当担心 融入和获得同伴认可的程度会提高，同伴虐待的经历会引起情绪困扰， 害怕继续受到骚扰。事实上，MPI Schacter 和其他人的研究表明，同伴受害是一种 青春期焦虑的独特预期危险因素，表明慢性受害者是两到三岁 患焦虑症的可能性比未受害的同龄人高出一倍。此外，虽然公开（即 随着孩子年龄的增长，身体或语言上的受害变得越来越少，关系上的受害（即， 社会关系的损害）仍然很常见，并且在情感上变得越来越繁重 青春期。尽管同伴受害与发展之间存在着密切而普遍的联系 对于青春期焦虑的潜在心理生物学机制知之甚少 建立并维持此类协会。鉴于与压力相关的生物改变可能早于心理健康 问题和当前的焦虑治疗方法成本高昂且强度大，因此识别可塑性至关重要 可以减轻同伴创伤的情感损失的治疗目标。拟议的 R21 将评估威胁 敏感性作为预防和治疗同伴受害青少年焦虑的潜在目标。项目 将第一个研究同伴受害对威胁的生理反应的独特影响 青春期并评估异常威胁敏感性对青少年焦虑的前瞻性影响。在 特别是，我们预测 1) 与受害较少的青少年相比，受害频繁的青少年会 在两项经过验证的任务中对潜在威胁表现出夸张的生理反应； 2）加高 生理威胁反应将前瞻性地预测青少年的焦虑。 MPI Marusak 和同事 I Jovanovic 在之前和正在进行的研究中，已经在其他儿科人群中使用了这些方法，并且已经 证明威胁偏见（即对潜在威胁的高度觉醒）部分源于童年 逆境，例如成为家庭虐待或忽视的目标。然而，拟议的研究将是第一个 检查同伴受害、威胁敏感性的生理标记之间的潜在关联，以及 青少年的焦虑。这项新颖的工作将直接为未来检查威胁的调查提供信息 敏感性作为一种机制，并为威胁敏感性提供初步支持，作为重要的诊断工具：1) 确定最有可能患上焦虑症并可能从认知中受益的同伴受害青少年 偏差修改或其他威胁敏感性降低方法，以及 2) 告知设计和修改 发展敏感的认知行为干预方法。拟议的研究提供了 为未来研究奠定基础，纳入更大的样本和纵向神经影像测量 研究同伴受害作为神经生物学变化的推动因素，从而增加焦虑风险。