PERSONALITY AND PERSONALIZED SCHEMATA

个性和个性化图式

• 批准号: 3428845
• 负责人: JOHN MAYER
• 金额: $ 2.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-11-01 至 1991-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3428845
• 关键词: anxiety; association learning; attribution; expectancy; interpersonal relations; memory; parents; personality; psychological tests; questionnaires; social perception; symbolism

Individual differences in personality can be accounted for, in part, by differences in peoples' memory structures. One area in which such memory structures influence personality is in person perception. Such perception is proposed to make use of personalized schemata -- highly overlearned representations of significant others in people's lives, such as of their parents and relatives. People generate expectations of others' behaviors on the basis of such personalized schemata. For instance, if a father always averts his gaze before beginning an argument, his children may come to identify not only his own averted gaze but also others' similar behavior, as a precursor to an argument. If an individual's personalized schema associates a commonly occurring behavior with, for instance, starting an argument, that individual may always worry that arguments will ensue in the presence of that common behavior. Because such an expectation could lead to anxiety, personality-based memory structures are relevant not only to the study of personality, but to the study of psychopathology such as the anxiety disorders, as well. The present studies use converging operations to demonstrate that personalized schemata are a part of an individual's memory structures and that these exert influence on person-perception. Study 1 is a laboratory study which demonstrates that people are capable of acquiring complex schemata depicting single individuals, and then of applying such schemata to new individuals. Study 2 is a complementary survey study which examines peoples' perceptions (e.g., personalized schemata) of their parents. Study 2 first measures such perceptions and then examines the influence of parental schemata on the perceptions of others. The converging operations of the two studies will permit comparisons of personality processes in laboratory and naturalistic contexts, and provide particularly strong support for those behaviors common to both. Should such support be found, it will enhance theoretical understanding of personality, and, in addition, contribute to the understanding of the etiology of anxiety-related disorders.

个体性格差异可以考虑到 部分，通过人民记忆结构的差异。 一个区域 这种记忆结构会影响个性 洞察力。 提出了这种看法来利用 个性化模式 - 高度超出的表示 在人们的生活中，重要的其他人，例如父母和 亲属。 人们对他人的行为产生期望 这种个性化模式的基础。 例如，如果父亲 在开始争论之前，总是避开他的目光 可能不仅可以识别自己的避免目光，还可以确定其他人的目光 类似的行为，作为参数的先驱。 如果 个人的个性化模式相关联 例如，以启动论点为单独的行为 可能总是担心在存在的情况下会发生争论 共同行为。 因为这样的期望可能会导致 焦虑，基于人格的记忆结构不仅相关 研究人格，但要研究心理病理学 例如焦虑症。 目前的研究使用 汇合操作以证明个性化模式是 个人记忆结构的一部分，这些结构施加 对人感知的影响。 研究1是实验室研究 这表明人们有能力获得复杂 图案描绘了单个人，然后应用了 对新个人的模式。 研究2是一项互补调查 研究人民的看法的研究（例如个性化 他们的父母的模式。 研究2首先衡量这样的措施 感知，然后检查父母模式的影响 关于他人的看法。 两者的融合操作 研究将允许比较性格过程 实验室和自然主义背景，特别提供 对这两者共有的那些行为的强烈支持。 应该这样 找到支持，它将增强对的理论理解 个性，此外，还有助于理解 与焦虑有关的疾病的病因。