Sensory-motor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 9380340
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 53.93万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9380340
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Anterolateral; Aphasia; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Consensus; Data; Devices; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Dysarthria; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Exposure to; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hearing; Human; Image; Inferior; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Role; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Signal Transduction; Site; Speech; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; auditory processing; awake; base; design; improved; instrument; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two cortical pathways originate from primary core areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway, which was originally defined - similar to the visual system - as a processing stream for space and motion. We have recently proposed that this dorsal pathway should be redefined in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of temporal sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce fixed sound sequences on a newly designed behavioral apparatus ("monkey piano"). By pressing a lever the monkey will produce a musical tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey will produce a melody. After a monkey has learned to reliably play the same melody, we will perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of auditory-responsive brain regions in the awake monkey while it listens to the learned self-generated sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to by listening to another monkey play for the same amount of time, and novel melodies that the monkey never heard before. Preliminary data suggest that areas activated by the self-generated melody include a region in inferior parietal cortex as well as one focus each in dorsal and ventral premotor cortex. The locations of activated regions will guide subsequent electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). Each recording site will be tested with the same sequences. Next we will record neuronal responses in premotor cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in inferior parietal and premotor cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide valuable information about the evolution of speech and music in humans. Our studies are highly relevant for higher-order processing disorders of audition and speech, such as dysarthria, apraxia of speech, aphasia and specific language disorders which involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of disorders of sensory-motor integration, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus, leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

 描述（由申请人提供）：两条皮质通路起源于听觉皮层的主要核心区域：腹侧通路有助于识别声音，背侧通路最初被定义为与视觉系统类似，作为空间和声音的处理流。我们最近提出，这种背侧通路应该在更广泛的意义上重新定义为感觉运动整合和控制的处理流（Rauschecker，2011）。时间序列的处理，包括人类的口语和音乐旋律在这个项目中，我们将通过训练恒河猴在新设计的行为装置（“猴子钢琴”）上固定声音序列来测试听觉背侧流的扩展模型。通过按下一个控制杆，猴子会发出特定音调的音乐音调；通过连续按下多个控制杆，猴子会发出旋律。当猴子学会可靠地演奏相同的旋律后，我们将进行功能性磁共振成像。 （功能磁共振成像）在清醒的猴子聆听习得的自我生成序列时，其听觉反应大脑区域包括猴子通过听另一只猴子演奏相同时间而被动接触的旋律，以及新颖的旋律。初步数据表明，被自生旋律激活的区域包括下顶叶皮层的一个区域以及背侧和腹侧前运动皮层的一个区域。激活区域的序列将指导随后使用线性微电极阵列（LMA）进行电生理记录。接下来，我们将记录运动前皮层对声音序列的被动聆听的神经反应，并将其与获得的神经活动进行比较。最后，我们将添加猴子在猴子钢琴上演奏声音序列的视频，并使用功能磁共振成像和 LMA 研究沿背侧流的多感官相互作用，特别是尾部的反应。我们的研究使用经过行为任务训练的警觉猴子，将听觉带和帕拉带与同步记录中的下顶叶和前运动皮层进行比较，这将有助于理解跨感觉系统的感知和认知的统一原理及其相互作用。研究非人类灵长类动物的听觉背侧流将为人类言语和音乐的进化提供有价值的信息，我们的研究与听力和言语的高阶处理障碍（例如构音障碍）高度相关。言语失用症、失语症和涉及感觉和运动系统之间协调不足的特定语言障碍。研究结果还将提高我们对可能由中风或神经退行性疾病引起的感觉运动整合障碍（例如共济失调）的理解。从而产生更好的治疗和康复策略。