Forward Genetic Analysis of Congenital Defects in Cortical Circuits and Structure

皮质回路和结构先天性缺陷的正向遗传学分析

基本信息

批准号：
9272744
负责人：
Rolf W Stottmann
金额：
$ 48.44万
依托单位：
CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-05-15 至 2019-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9272744
关键词：
Adult Affect Alleles Animal Model Behavior Disorders Biological Assay Birth Brain Brain Diseases Cells Childhood Cloning Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Collaborations Congenital Abnormality Cortical Malformation DNA Sequence Alteration Defect Developed Countries Developing Countries Development Diagnostic Disease Ethylnitrosourea Etiology Future Genes Genetic Genetic Counseling Genetic study Goals Hand Human Human Genetics Knowledge Medical Genetics Mental disorders Molecular Morbidity - disease rate Movement Disorders Mus Mutagenesis Mutate Mutation Neocortex Nervous system structure Neurologic Neurology Neurons Pathology Pathway interactions Patients Pediatric Hospitals Phenotype Population Positioning Attribute Prosencephalon Recurrence Reporter Research Resources Role Structural Congenital Anomalies Structure System Technology Testing Therapeutic Intervention Tissues Transgenic Animals Transgenic Organisms Work World Health Organization base brain malformation clinically relevant developmental neurobiology exome sequencing experimental study forward genetics genetic analysis genetic approach genetic pedigree genome editing hippocampal pyramidal neuron insight mortality mouse model nervous system disorder neurodevelopment neuron development next generation sequencing novel patient population pediatric patients positional cloning public health relevance relating to nervous system success therapeutic target tool

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The mammalian neocortex is an enormous network of cells, each making thousands of connections and an array of neurological conditions can result from inappropriate cortical structure or connectivity. Many of these congenital brain defects have a genetic origin but we still lack a full understanding of the genes and mechanisms involved. The overall objective of this application is to use forward genetic approaches in mouse and human to identify and validate novel alleles important for development of cortical circuitry and overall structure. Our central hypothesis is that a synergistic and unbiased forward genetic approach in mouse and human will lead to fundamental discoveries in the genetics of cortical circuit formation and structural development. The rationale of this proposed research is that by identifying novel genes through forward genetic approaches which are required for normal cortical development using both human and mouse genetics, we are then positioned to use this information and tools to study the etiological mechanisms of human cortical malformations in subsequent studies. We will test this central hypothesis and accomplish the goals of this application by pursuing the following three specific aims: 1) use forward genetics in the mouse to efficiently generate and capture genetic mutations in loci important for cortical circuit formation and structural development, 2) identify and validate causal mutations in novel mouse models of cortical circuit formation and structural brain defects, and 3) apply next-generation sequencing approaches to identify mutations leading to human movement disorders and structural brain defects. The aims are accomplished by an ENU mutagenesis approach in the mouse with the addition of a novel transgenic reporter which is expressed specifically in cortical layer V pyramidal neurons. The mutations are then cloned and validated through a number of functional studies. The human genetics studies are performed with the application of exome sequencing to carefully selected familial cases of movement disorders and structural brain malformations. These studies will identify several genes essential for mammalian forebrain structure and function. The significance of this work is found in the specific application to cortial circuitry and structure, and that an unbiased approach such as this has the capability to implicate entirely new pathways in neurological disease. A synergistic approach using both mouse and human genetics to specifically query these aspects of neural development allows fundamental insights into the genetics of development and disease. Such knowledge is not only critical to further understand the basic mechanisms of neurodevelopment, but also has immediate clinical relevance through identification of a number of potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, these mouse models provide a reusable resource to directly characterize the role of the mutated gene in neurodevelopment, and potentially serve as a tool to test future therapeutic interventions. Taken together, these findings are therefore applicable to basic developmental neurobiology, pediatric and adult neurology, human genetics and genetic counseling.

描述（由申请人提供）：哺乳动物新皮质是一个巨大的细胞网络，每个细胞都有数千个连接，不适当的皮质结构或连接可能导致一系列神经系统疾病。许多先天性脑缺陷都有遗传起源，但我们仍然缺乏对所涉及的基因和机制的充分了解。该应用的总体目标是在小鼠和人类中使用正向遗传方法来识别和验证对皮质电路和整体结构发育重要的新等位基因。我们的中心假设是，在小鼠和人类中采用协同且无偏见的正向遗传方法将导致皮质回路形成和结构发育的遗传学方面的基本发现。这项拟议研究的基本原理是，通过使用人类和小鼠遗传学的正常皮质发育所需的正向遗传方法识别新基因，然后我们可以利用这些信息和工具来研究人类皮质畸形的病因机制。后续研究。我们将测试这一中心假设，并通过追求以下三个具体目标来实现本申请的目标：1）在小鼠中使用正向遗传学来有效地生成和捕获对皮质回路形成和结构发育重要的基因座中的基因突变，2）识别并验证新型小鼠皮质回路形成和结构性大脑缺陷模型中的因果突变，以及3）应用下一代测序方法来识别导致人类运动障碍和结构性大脑缺陷的突变。这些目标是通过在小鼠中使用 ENU 诱变方法并添加一种在皮质 V 层锥体神经元中特异性表达的新型转基因报告基因来实现的。然后通过大量功能研究克隆和验证突变。人类遗传学研究是通过应用外显子组测序对精心挑选的运动障碍和结构性脑畸形家族病例进行的。这些研究将鉴定出对哺乳动物前脑结构和功能至关重要的几个基因。这项工作的重要性在于其对皮层电路和结构的具体应用，并且像这样的公正方法有能力暗示神经系统疾病中的全新途径。使用小鼠和人类遗传学来专门查询神经发育的这些方面的协同方法可以对发育和疾病的遗传学有基本的了解。这些知识不仅对于进一步了解神经发育的基本机制至关重要，而且通过识别许多潜在的治疗靶点具有直接的临床意义。此外，这些小鼠模型提供了可重复使用的资源，可以直接表征突变基因在神经发育中的作用，并有可能作为测试未来治疗干预的工具。综上所述，这些发现适用于基础发育神经生物学、儿科和成人神经病学、人类遗传学和遗传咨询。