DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS IN INFANTS

婴儿技能的发展

• 批准号: 2415750
• 负责人: Esther Thelen
• 金额: $ 11.14万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-05-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2415750
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; biomechanics; body movement; developmental psychology; early experience; electromyography; environmental adaptation; gait; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); learning; limb movement; longitudinal human study; neuromuscular function; psychomotor function; psychomotor tracking; sensorimotor system

Funds are requested for an ADAMHA Research Scientist Award to support research in the acquisition of skills in infants. There is an intimate relation between developing perceptual-motor skills and all other areas of mental functioning during early life. The proposed studies are informed by a dynamic systems perspective. Thus, the research strategy is twofold: (1) to provide a detailed description of the developmental changes in reaching and walking and their multiple interacting subsystems, and (2) to identify and experimentally manipulate agents and processes critical to the emergence of new behavioral forms. Specific aim 1 is to complete the analysis of longitudinal data on the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle patterns of infant reaching, collected weekly from 4 infants from weeks 3-52. This will describe the transition from spontaneous to goal-directed reaching, the improvements in the accuracy, speed and smoothness in reaching, and the dynamic segmental forces and muscle patterns that underlie these changes. Specific aim 2 is to conduct a longitudinal study of infants between 6 months and 18 months to trace the kinematic, kinetic and EMG characteristics of treadmill steps, supported steps, and independent walking. This study will describe the developmental transition in the neuromuscular precursors of walking when infants stand, bear weight, and move forward independently. Specific aim 3 is to conduct experiments where kicking and reaching movements are perturbed by a slight tug, which simulates the naturally occurring internal and external force environment. This study investigates how infants detect and adjust their muscles to proprioceptive input. Specific aim 4 is a series of experiments investigating how infants acquire new motor forms. Infants will be trained to use bilateral kicks to activate a mobile, and the conditions and contexts that facilitate learning and remembering the new pattern of coordination will be manipulated. These studies are important to (1) illuminate basic developmental processes; (2) understand fundamental mechanisms of perceptual-motor coordination and control; and (3) impact on clinical practice.

申请 ADAMHA 研究科学家奖资金以支持 婴儿技能习得的研究。 有一种亲密的 发展知觉运动技能与所有其他领域之间的关系 生命早期的心理功能。 拟议的研究是 从动态系统的角度来看。 因此，研究策略 具有双重意义：（1）提供发展的详细描述 伸手和行走的变化及其多重相互作用 子系统，以及（2）识别并通过实验操纵代理和 对于新行为形式的出现至关重要的过程。 具体的 目标1是完成运动学纵向数据的分析， 每周收集婴儿伸手的动力学和肌肉模式 4 名第 3-52 周的婴儿。 这将描述从 自发地达到目标导向，准确性的提高， 到达时的速度和平稳性，以及动态分段力和 这些变化背后的肌肉模式。 具体目标2是 对 6 个月至 18 个月的婴儿进行纵向研究 追踪跑步机的运动学、动力学和肌电图特征 步数、支撑步数和独立行走。 这项研究将 描述神经肌肉前体的发育转变 行走是指婴儿站立、负重、独立前进时的行走。 具体目标 3 是进行踢腿和伸手实验 运动受到轻微拉力的干扰，模拟自然 发生的内力和外力环境。 这项研究 研究婴儿如何检测和调整他们的肌肉 本体感受输入。 具体目标4是一系列实验 研究婴儿如何获得新的运动形式。 婴儿将会 接受过使用双边踢来激活移动装置的训练，以及条件 以及促进学习和记忆新模式的环境 协调将被操纵。 这些研究对于以下方面很重要：(1) 阐明基本的发展过程； (2)了解基础知识 知觉-运动协调和控制机制； (3) 影响 关于临床实践。