ANATOMICAL BASIS OF VISION

视觉的解剖学基础

• 批准号: 6243533
• 负责人: MATTHEW RIZZO
• 金额: $ 13.97万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-07-01 至 1998-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6243533
• 关键词: binocular vision; brain injury; brain mapping; clinical research; cues; eye movements; form /pattern perception; human subject; motion perception; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; space perception; vision disorders; visual cortex; visual depth perception; visual fields; visual stimulus

The study of patients with focal lesions of the central visual system has shown that certain forms of complex visual disturbance are generally associated with lesions in the inferior aspect of that system (the inferior occipital lobe and adjoining temporal lobe), while other disturbances are more commonly associated with lesions of the superior aspect of that system (the superior occipital cortices and adjoining parietal lobe). Each of these systems appears to contain cortical regions specialized in the processing of salient features such as shape, color, stereopsis and motion, and in general the dichotomy also relates, respectively to object and spatial processing. The principal aims of this project are to increase our knowledge regarding the presumed inferior/superior diversity of human visual function with respect to a vertical axis about the calcarine fissure. We also aim to study new aspects of the organization of human vision beyond the relatively early stages at which processing asymmetries for basic visual functions are evident. We will test a series of hypotheses by conducting systematic experiments in a large number of subjects (newly referred or from the Database/Registry) with damage in various components of neural systems underlying vision. The anatomical study is based on a standardized analysis of CT and MR data. The behavioral study consists of a core of basic neuropsychological tests, neuro-ophthalmological screening procedures and psychophysical paradigms. The new experiments are aimed at testing hypotheses on (a) visual search with eye movements; (b) orienting and sustaining of attention, and the role of attention in the search for feature conjunctions; (c) reaching and grasping of external targets; (d) processing of motion, and its combination with stereopsis to determine the structure of 3-D objects; and (e) processing of color. The study should contribute to our understanding of the modular organization of the visual system at a telencephalic level. By studying vision and its neural substrates revealed in patients with cognitive impairments due to focal brain lesions, it may be possible to devise better strategies to diagnose and manage those impairments.

中央视觉系统局灶性病变的患者的研究具有 表明某些形式的复杂视觉干扰通常是 与该系统次要方面的病变相关（下等 枕叶和毗邻的颞叶），而其他干扰是 与该系统上一方的病变更常见 （上枕皮层和毗邻的顶叶）。 每个 这些系统似乎包含专门的皮质区域 处理显着特征，例如形状，颜色，立体和运动， 通常，二分法也分别与对象和 空间处理。 该项目的主要目的是增加我们的 关于人类假定的劣等/卓越多样性的知识 关于钙化的垂直轴的视觉功能 裂缝。 我们还旨在研究人类组织的新方面 超出处理不对称的相对早期阶段的愿景 对于基本的视觉功能，很明显。 我们将测试一系列 通过大量进行系统实验的假设 受试者（新推荐或来自数据库/注册表）损坏 神经系统的各种组成部分。 解剖学 研究基于对CT和MR数据的标准化分析。 这 行为研究包括基本神经心理学测试的核心， 神经跨性筛查程序和心理物理范例。 新实验旨在测试（a）视觉搜索的假设 有眼动； （b）指导和维持注意力，以及角色 在寻找特征连词时的关注； （c）到达和 抓住外部目标； （d）运动的处理及其组合 用立体触及确定3-D对象的结构； （e） 颜色的处理。 这项研究应该有助于我们的理解 视觉系统的模块化组织在端脑级别。 经过 研究视力及其神经底物在患有 认知障碍是由于局灶性脑损伤，可能有可能 制定更好的策略来诊断和管理这些障碍。