Impact of Trauma Exposure on Critical Periods in Brain Development and Fear Processing in Children

创伤暴露对儿童大脑发育和恐惧处理关键期的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9357720
负责人：
Tanja Jovanovic
金额：
$ 47.92万
依托单位：
EMORY UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-23 至 2021-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9357720
关键词：
10 year old 11 year old 9 year old Abuse Reporting Acute Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Adverse event Affect African American Age Amygdaloid structure Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Area Arousal Base of the Brain Brain Child Child Abuse Childhood Clinical Data Data Development Diagnosis Discrimination Environment Epidemic Event Exposure to Family Female Fright Functional disorder Future Hippocampus (Brain)Image Incidence Study Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Life Longitudinal Studies Low income MRI Scans Mental Depression Mental Health Mental disorders Methods Modeling Negative Valence Neurobiology Outcome Patient Self-Report Pattern Personality Disorders Phenotype Physiology Population Positioning Attribute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Prefrontal Cortex Prevalence Psychopathology Recruitment Activity Reporting Research Research Domain Criteria Rest Risk Risk Factors Safety Sampling Scanning Schizophrenia Sex Characteristics Signal Transduction Structure Substance abuse problem Symptoms System Trauma Urban Population Violence Visit adverse outcome base clinically relevant cohort conditioned fear critical period dimensional analysis follow-up high risk inner city longitudinal design male maltreatment myelination neural circuit neurodevelopment neuroimaging pediatric trauma prepuberty prospective relating to nervous system response sex traumatic event

项目摘要

SUMMARY Childhood trauma exposure constitutes a major risk factor for subsequent psychopathology, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Violence exposure in low-income, urban populations can occur early in life, increasing risk for trauma exposure in children living in inner-city areas. While it is shown that early adverse experiences affect brain activation and connectivity as well as fear physiology during development in children, the mechanisms of these effects on the brain are not clearly understood. Very few studies have captured the effects of ongoing trauma during development, as most are based on retrospective data. The proposed longitudinal study is well-positioned to address this gap in knowledge given our recruitment from a high trauma risk population. The proposed research will combine neuroimaging and fear physiology methods to examine critical periods for trauma-related correlates of brain development. Recruitment of male and female children will allow for exploratory analyses of sex differences during development. Retrospective research on trauma exposure and neural development suggest that ages 9 through 11 represent particularly sensitive periods for fear-relevant neurobiology. In order to target this critical period, 9-year-old children will be recruited from the Grady Trauma Project in inner-city Atlanta, composed primarily of low-income, African American families and followed prospectively for two years. Trauma exposure and startle will be assessed every six months between ages 9 and 11, in order to assess the critical period for trauma exposure. Brain structure and function will be assessed every year, at years 9, 10, and 11. In our previous studies, we have found that the degree of trauma exposure significantly increases between 9 and 11 years of age. The unique prospective longitudinal design will allow for analysis of the effects of both pre-existing trauma and new trauma exposure on the neurobiological phenotypes.

概括童年创伤暴露构成了随后的精神病理学的主要危险因素，包括抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍、药物滥用、人格障碍、和精神分裂症。低收入城市人口可能在生命早期就遭受过暴力，居住在市中心地区的儿童遭受创伤的风险增加。虽然表明早期的不良经历会影响大脑的激活和连接以及恐惧生理在儿童发育过程中，这些对大脑影响的机制尚不清楚明白了。很少有研究捕捉到发育过程中持续创伤的影响，因为大多数都是基于回顾性数据。拟议的纵向研究非常适合鉴于我们从高创伤风险人群中招募人员，解决了这一知识差距。这拟议的研究将结合神经影像学和恐惧生理学方法来检查关键的大脑发育与创伤相关的时期。招聘男女孩子们将能够对发育过程中的性别差异进行探索性分析。对创伤暴露和神经发育的回顾性研究表明，9 岁到 11 代表与恐惧相关的神经生物学特别敏感的时期。为了针对这一关键时期，将从格雷迪创伤项目中招募 9 岁儿童亚特兰大市中心，主要由低收入非裔美国家庭组成，其次是预计两年。每六个月评估一次创伤暴露和惊吓 9至11岁之间，以评估创伤暴露的关键时期。脑结构和功能每年都会在第 9 年、第 10 年和第 11 年进行评估。研究中，我们发现创伤暴露程度在 9 之间显着增加 11 岁。独特的前瞻性纵向设计将允许分析先前存在的创伤和新的创伤暴露对神经生物学的影响表型。