Development of a National Youth Firearm Risk and Safety Assessment Tool

开发国家青少年枪支风险和安全评估工具

基本信息

批准号：
9353858
负责人：
KIMBERLY J MITCHELL LEMA
金额：
$ 20.35万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-16 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9353858
关键词：
Academy Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Age American American Psychological Association Appalachian Region Assessment tool Attention Authorization documentation Caregivers Cessation of life Characteristics Child Childhood Cognitive Collection Communities Comprehension Data Development Diagnostic Employee Strikes Evaluation Event Exposure to Firearms Focus Groups Future Gun injury Guns Gunshot wound Health Healthy People 2020 Home environment Household Injury Intervention Interview Knowledge Life Mediating Medical Mental Health Methodology Methods Neighborhoods Outcome Parents Participant Pediatrics Philadelphia Policies Population Preventive Intervention Property Proxy Psychometrics Public Health Reading Recommendation Reporting Research Respondent Risk Risk Factors Role Rural Safety Schools Structure Subgroup Surveys Techniques Teenagers Testing Victimization Violence Violent injury Work Youth age group child and adolescent victimization cost experience gun violence high risk instrument peer permissiveness programs response safety practice theories tool violent crime youth violence

项目摘要

Project Summary In 2013, 1,258 children (1.71 per 100,000) died by gunshot and an additional 6,103 (8.29 per 100,000) had a nonfatal gunshot injury. Additionally, in 2010 youth firearm-related fatal and nonfatal injuries resulted in an estimated $2.6 billion in combined medical and work loss costs. Acknowledging these striking numbers, a wide range of policy interventions have been developed to help reduce such violent crimes, with mixed-results. Still, we know surprisingly little about children's exposure to guns and the implications of that exposure on risk for violence, injury, and death. This is despite policy statements and recommendations from groups like the American Academy of Pediatrics and the USDHHS Healthy People 2020 emphasizing the importance of finding strategies for reducing the risks associated with children's firearm access and exposure. Past research on youth firearm exposure has focused on only a limited range of exposures, such as firearm carrying on school property, yet youth firearm exposure is not limited to schools or to carrying. Indeed, there are no instruments that cover the full spectrum of childhood firearm exposure. Such a lack of youth-focused surveys limits the ability to assess the developmental impact of exposure and identify the most important targets for policy and programs that aim to reduce firearm-related fatal and non-fatal injury among children. This gap is notable given there are considerations unique to childhood, such as inappropriate or illegal access to firearms, exposure to gun violence involving caregivers which may be particularly traumatic, and the developmental impact of exposure to effective gun safety practices. In addition to different considerations regarding exposure, there are also important methodological adaptations that are necessary for youth, including more careful attention to reading level and avoiding use of legalistic terms. The present research will allow for the collection and analysis of firearm exposure information relevant to the entire span of childhood and adolescence. Specifically, we aim to: 1) Develop the first comprehensive, developmentally focused Youth Firearm Risk and Safety Tool (Youth-FiRST); and 2) Pilot test the Youth-FiRST within two communities at high-risk for gun violence – rural Appalachia, TN and urban Philadelphia, PA. The Youth-FiRST items will be developed through a mixed-methods approach, including focus groups with teenagers and parents, review by violence experts, and cognitive interviews with children (ages 10-15) for comprehension. Pilot community data from 300 youth, ages 10-17, and 300 caregivers of children, ages 2-9 (proxy interviews), will be used to establish psychometrics of the Youth-FiRST including internal consistency, factor structure, and construct validity utilizing techniques such as Item Response Theory (IRT) and Differential Item Functioning (DIF). Findings will help the field address youth exposure to firearms and associated violence exposure using a more integrative approach, directly facilitating our ultimate outcome objectives which are to increase appreciation of the true burden of firearm exposure and firearm violence on the most vulnerable segment of the population.

项目概要 2013 年，有 1,258 名儿童（每 10 万人中 1.71 人）死于枪杀，另有 6,103 名儿童（每 10 万人中 8.29 人）死于枪杀。此外，2010 年，青少年因枪支造成的致命和非致命伤害。估计医疗和工作损失总计达 26 亿美元，承认这些惊人的数字，这是一个广泛的数字。已经制定了一系列政策干预措施来帮助减少此类暴力犯罪，但结果却好坏参半。令人惊讶的是，我们对儿童接触枪支的情况以及这种接触对儿童风险的影响知之甚少。尽管有类似团体的政策声明和建议，暴力、伤害和死亡仍然存在。美国儿科学会和 USDHHS 2020 年健康人群强调了寻找减少儿童接触和接触枪支风险的策略过去的研究。关于青少年枪支暴露仅侧重于有限范围的暴露，例如携带枪支学校财产，但青少年接触枪支不仅限于学校或携带。事实上，没有。涵盖儿童枪支接触情况的全部范围的工具如此缺乏以青少年为重点的调查。限制了评估暴露的发育影响和确定最重要目标的能力旨在减少儿童中与枪支有关的致命和非致命伤害的政策和计划。鉴于儿童时期特有的考虑因素，例如不适当或非法获得著名枪支，暴露于涉及照顾者的枪支暴力可能会造成特别的创伤，并且发育接触有效枪支安全实践的影响除了有关接触的不同考虑因素之外，青年人还需要进行重要的方法调整，包括更加谨慎注意阅读水平并避免使用法律术语。目前的研究将有助于收集。以及与整个童年和青春期相关的枪支暴露信息的分析。具体来说，我们的目标是： 1) 开发第一个全面的、以发展为重点的青少年枪支风险和安全工具（Youth-FiRST）；以及 2) 在两个枪支高风险社区内试点测试 Youth-FiRST 暴力 - 田纳西州阿巴拉契亚农村地区和宾夕法尼亚州费城市区 Youth-FiRST 项目将通过以下方式开发。混合方法，包括青少年和家长的焦点小组，由暴力专家审查，对儿童（10-15 岁）进行认知访谈，以了解 300 名青少年的试点社区数据，将使用 10-17 岁儿童的照顾者和 300 名 2-9 岁儿童的照顾者（代理访谈）来建立 Youth-FiRST 的心理测量学，包括内部一致性、因素结构和结构效度调查结果将利用项目反应理论 (IRT) 和差异项目功能 (DIF) 等技术。使用更完整的方法帮助实地解决青少年接触枪支和相关暴力的问题方法，直接促进我们的最终成果目标，即增加对真实事物的认识接触枪支和枪支暴力给人口中最弱势群体带来的负担。