Understanding Action Selection in the Tool Use Network

了解工具使用网络中的操作选择

• 批准号: 9213205
• 负责人: LAUREL J BUXBAUM
• 金额: $ 43.13万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN HEALTHCARE NETWORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9213205
• 关键词: Achievement; Adopted; Affect; Anterior; Apraxias; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Cheese; Cognition; Cognitive; Color; Development; Disease; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gestures; Goals; Grant; Hand; Human; Individual; Inferior frontal gyrus; Learning; Left; Lesion; Limb structure; Location; Machine Learning; Maps; Mediating; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Outcome; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Play; Posture; Process; Production; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rest; Role; Source; Specific qualifier value; Stroke; Structure; Structure of supramarginal gyrus; Symptoms; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Training; Work; base; clinically relevant; experience; improved; novel; research study; response; theories; tool; treatment strategy; visual motor

Project Summary: Skilled use of tools is a defining achievement of human cognition, and is enabled by the storage of tool-specific action memories. Many tools are associated with more than one action, and most everyday tasks are associated with more than one tool. Limb apraxia is a common, disabling, and puzzling left-hemisphere disorder characterized by prominent deficits in activating and selecting task-appropriate tool actions. Little is known about the cognitive mechanisms and brain regions enabling such selection in the neurologically intact brain, or how these processes go awry in apraxia. In several other cognitive domains, it has been suggested that appropriate response selection occurs via biased competition—that is, the prioritization of competing incoming information to enable appropriate response selection. Capitalizing on the promise of such frameworks, we have developed a new functional-neuroanatomic model of biased competition in a specific left hemisphere Tool Use network. Called “Two Action Systems Plus” (2AS+), the model generates testable hypotheses about the major principles determining tool action selection, and their deficiencies in apraxia. Specifically, we hypothesize that 1) Competition between tool actions is influenced by the graded similarity of tool action representations, as implemented primarily by the left posterior temporal cortex (pTC), 2) The outcome of the competitive process is affected by the strength and timing of activation of tool action representations, and depends on the dynamic interplay of left pTC and the parietal lobes, 3) Outcome is further influenced by a mechanism that biases competition towards the tool action that is appropriate to goals and context, as implemented by the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and its connections with the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and 4) There are two subtypes of apraxia characterized by distinct failures in the competitive selection process: an anterior subtype characterized by inability to appropriately resolve tool action competition, and a posterior subtype reflecting weakened competition. These hypotheses will be tested using a number of complementary methods with healthy and brain-lesioned participants, including voxel-based lesion symptom mapping, resting functional connectivity, fMRI with multi-voxel pattern analyses, and eyetracking. By specifying when and how visuomotor information plays a role in tool representations, the proposed experiments promise to critically constrain “embodied” cognition theories claiming that tools automatically evoke their actions. The proposed research will also advance the theoretical understanding of tool action by anchoring relevant constructs in a cognitive-neuroanatomic model, clarify how action representations are organized and activated, and improve our understanding of the mechanisms affecting errors and re-learning in apraxia, with implications for rehabilitation.

项目概要： 熟练使用工具是人类认知的一项决定性成就，并且通过存储特定于工具的动作记忆来实现，许多工具与多个动作相关，并且大多数日常任务与多个工具相关。一种常见的、令人失能的、令人费解的左半球疾病，其特征是在激活和选择适合任务的工具动作方面存在显着缺陷，但人们对在神经系统完整的大脑中实现这种选择的认知机制和大脑区域知之甚少。在其他一些认知领域，有人认为适当的反应选择是通过有偏见的竞争来实现的，即对竞争性输入信息进行优先排序，以实现适当的反应选择。在特定的左半球工具使用网络中开发了一种新的功能神经解剖学模型，称为“双行动系统+”（2AS+），该模型生成关于决定工具行动选择的主要原则的可检验假设。具体来说，我们发现：1）工具动作之间的竞争受到工具动作表征的分级相似性的影响，这主要由左后颞皮层（pTC）实现，2）竞争过程的结果受到强度和时间的影响工具动作表征的激活，并且取决于左 pTC 和顶叶的动态相互作用，3）结果进一步受到一种机制的影响，该机制将竞争偏向与目标和适当的工具动作。 4) 失用症有两种亚型，其特征是在竞争性选择过程中明显失败：前亚型的特征是无法适当地解决工具动作竞争，以及反映竞争减弱的后亚型这些假设将使用许多补充方法对健康和脑损伤的参与者进行测试，包括基于体素的损伤症状映射，通过指定视觉运动信息何时以及如何在工具表征中发挥作用，所提出的实验有望严格限制声称工具会自动唤起其行为的“具身”认知理论。拟议的研究还将通过在认知神经解剖模型中锚定相关结构来推进对工具动作的理论理解，阐明动作表征是如何组织和激活的，并提高我们对影响错误和再学习的机制的理解。失用症，对康复有影响。